Create or change immutable business values with meaningful invariants, equality, or behavior, such as order numbers and money. Use when primitive values obscure domain rules; avoid wrapping every scalar.
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Use App\Domain\<Capability>\ValueObjects and the domain name, such as OrderNumber or Money, without a ValueObject suffix.
Value Objects are immutable by default and normally final. Validate invariants at construction, preserve them through operations, and compare by value when equality matters. Use specific domain exceptions for invalid values. Do not add HTTP validation or presentation dependencies.
For the order example, an OrderNumber is useful if it enforces a business format or supports meaningful operations. A numeric database ID alone does not justify a wrapper. A cancellation fee may justify Money with explicit currency and precision semantics; do not invent currency conversion rules or use floating-point arithmetic for exact money.
Reuse existing compatible value types and Eloquent casts. When persisting a Value Object, define and test its storage round trip only if the use case needs it. Avoid introducing a new package, generic Value Object base class, or custom casting framework automatically.
Application Data objects carry use-case input; Value Objects express business meaning. Choose based on responsibility rather than the number of properties.
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Create, modify, or refactor application use cases into Laravel-native DDD Actions. Use for business operations such as placing or cancelling orders, extracting controller orchestration, and fixing use-case behavior.
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Create or change structured input for application use cases, including extracting HTTP request data for Actions invoked from controllers, jobs, or commands. Avoid DTOs for trivial scalar input.
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Create, modify, or debug business events and their follow-up reactions, including order cancellation events, queued listeners, transaction timing, and rollback behavior.
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Create, extend, or fix Eloquent business models and their state transitions. Use when moving business rules out of controllers or Actions, or explicitly migrating a model into a DDD capability.
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Create or refactor business calculations and rules spanning multiple domain objects when no single entity or value object naturally owns the behavior. Use when assessing a growing service class.
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Add, change, or debug external API integrations, vendor SDK adapters, and bridges to legacy business workflows. Use when an Action or domain service needs an outer technical dependency.
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