Implementing Gcp Binary Authorization

Genel Bakış

Binary Authorization is a Google Cloud Dağıt:-time security control that ensures only trusted container images are Dağıtılmış on GKE or Cloud Run. It works through a policy-based model where images must have cryptographic attestations confirming they passed predefined requirements such as vulnerability scans, code reviews, or build pipeline verification. Continuous validation (CV) monitors running pods against policies and logs violations.

Ne Zaman Kullanılır

• Dağıt:ing yaparken or configuring implementing gcp binary authorization capabilities in your environment
• establishing yaparken: security controls aligned to compliance requirements
• building yaparken or improving security architecture for this domain
• conducting yaparken security assessments that require this implementation

Ön Gereksinimler

• GCP project with Binary Authorization API enabled
• GKE cluster or Cloud Run service
• Container Analysis API enabled
• KMS keys for attestation signing
• Cloud Build or external CI/CD pipeline

Enable Binary Authorization

gcloud services enable binaryauthorization.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable containeranalysis.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com

gcloud container clusters update CLUSTER_NAME \
  --enable-binauthz \
  --zone us-central1-a

Şunu oluştur:ttestor

Şunu oluştur: KMS key for signing

gcloud kms keyrings create binauthz-keyring \
  --location global

gcloud kms keys Şunu oluştur:ttestor-key \
  --keyring binauthz-keyring \
  --location global \
  --algorithm ec-sign-p256-sha256 \
  --purpose asymmetric-signing

Create Container Analysis note

cat > /tmp/note.json << 'EOF'
{
  "attestation": {
    "hint": {
      "humanReadableName": "Production Build Attestor"
    }
  }
}
EOF

curl -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  "https://containeranalysis.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/notes/?noteId=prod-build-note" \
  -d @/tmp/note.json

Create the attestor

gcloud container binauthz attestors create prod-build-attestor \
  --attestation-authority-note=prod-build-note \
  --attestation-authority-note-project=PROJECT_ID

gcloud container binauthz attestors public-keys add \
  --attestor=prod-build-attestor \
  --keyversion-project=PROJECT_ID \
  --keyversion-location=global \
  --keyversion-keyring=binauthz-keyring \
  --keyversion-key=attestor-key \
  --keyversion=1

Configure Policy

Default deny-all policy

admissionWhitelistPatterns:
  - namePattern: "gcr.io/google_containers/*"
  - namePattern: "gcr.io/google-containers/*"
  - namePattern: "k8s.gcr.io/**"
  - namePattern: "gke.gcr.io/**"
  - namePattern: "gcr.io/stackdriver-agents/*"
defaultAdmissionRule:
  evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
  enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
  requireAttestationsBy:
    - projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/prod-build-attestor
globalPolicyEvaluationMode: ENABLE

gcloud container binauthz policy import binauthz-policy.yaml

Per-cluster rules

admissionWhitelistPatterns:
  - namePattern: "gcr.io/google_containers/*"
clusterAdmissionRules:
  us-central1-a.production-cluster:
    evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
    enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
    requireAttestationsBy:
      - projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/prod-build-attestor
  us-central1-a.staging-cluster:
    evaluationMode: ALWAYS_ALLOW
    enforcementMode: DRYRUN_AUDIT_LOG_ONLY
defaultAdmissionRule:
  evaluationMode: ALWAYS_DENY
  enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG

Şunu oluştur:ttestations

Attest an image after successful build

IMAGE_DIGEST=$(gcloud container images describe \
  gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/my-app:latest \
  --format='get(image_summary.digest)')

gcloud container binauthz attestations sign-and-create \
  --artifact-url="gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/my-app@${IMAGE_DIGEST}" \
  --attestor="prod-build-attestor" \
  --attestor-project="PROJECT_ID" \
  --keyversion-project="PROJECT_ID" \
  --keyversion-location="global" \
  --keyversion-keyring="binauthz-keyring" \
  --keyversion-key="attestor-key" \
  --keyversion="1"

Cloud Build integration

steps:
  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
    args: ['build', '-t', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA', '.']

  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
    args: ['push', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA']

  # Vulnerability scanning
  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'
    entrypoint: 'bash'
    args:
      - '-c'
      - |
        gcloud artifacts docker images scan \
          gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA \
          --format='value(response.scan)'

  # Şunu oluştur:ttestation after successful scan
  - name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'
    entrypoint: 'bash'
    args:
      - '-c'
      - |
        IMAGE_DIGEST=$(gcloud container images describe \
          gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA \
          --format='get(image_summary.digest)')
        gcloud container binauthz attestations sign-and-create \
          --artifact-url="gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app@$${IMAGE_DIGEST}" \
          --attestor="prod-build-attestor" \
          --attestor-project="$PROJECT_ID" \
          --keyversion-project="$PROJECT_ID" \
          --keyversion-location="global" \
          --keyversion-keyring="binauthz-keyring" \
          --keyversion-key="attestor-key" \
          --keyversion="1"

Continuous Validation

gcloud container clusters update CLUSTER_NAME \
  --enable-binauthz-monitoring \
  --zone us-central1-a

Monitor CV violations in Cloud Logging

resource.type="k8s_cluster"
logName="projects/PROJECT_ID/logs/binaryauthorization.googleapis.com%2Fcontinuous_validation"

Verification and Testing

Test Dağıt:ment of unattested image

kubectl run test-unapproved \
  --image=docker.io/library/nginx:latest

kubectl get events --field-selector reason=FailedCreate

Verify attestation exists

gcloud container binauthz attestations list \
  --attestor=prod-build-attestor \
  --attestor-project=PROJECT_ID

Break-Glass Override

For emergency Dağıt:ments bypassing Binary Authorization:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: emergency-pod
  labels:
    image-policy.k8s.io/break-glass: "true"
  annotations:
    alpha.image-policy.k8s.io/break-glass: "Emergency Dağıt:ment - ticket INC-12345"
spec:
  containers:
    - name: emergency
      image: gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/emergency-fix:latest

References

• GCP Binary Authorization: https://cloud.google.com/binary-authorization/docs
• SLSA Framework: https://slsa.dev
• Sigstore/Cosign for container signing
• Google Software Supply Chain Security Best Practices

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