Review images and their visible captions, then connect them with figure and figcaption markup. Check caption placement and alternative text so screen readers can present the relationship between an image and its description.
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Use when reviewing image assets, markup, and CDN or build transforms related to Use <figure> and <figcaption> for image captions. Check encoded size, rendered size, loading strategy, and above-the-fold impact together.
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Using a <p> tag as a caption is invisible to assistive technology as an image description. The <figure>/<figcaption> pattern creates a machine-readable relationship between an image and its caption, which screen readers surface to users. It also communicates to search engines that the caption describes the image, supporting image SEO.
<figure> with <figcaption> as a direct child<figcaption> must be the first or last child of <figure><figure> is appropriate for images, code blocks, diagrams, and charts—not every imageScan the codebase for images with adjacent visible text that acts as a caption (e.g., a <p> or <span> immediately below an <img> describing it). Verify: 1) Such image-caption pairs are wrapped in <figure>. 2) The caption text is inside a <figcaption> element. 3) <figcaption> is a direct child of <figure>. 4) The alt text on the <img> is not identical to the <figcaption> text—they serve different purposes. Flag any <img> followed by descriptive text that is not structured as figure/figcaption.
For each image with an adjacent caption: 1) Wrap the <img> and its caption text in a <figure> element. 2) Move the caption text into a <figcaption> element inside <figure>. 3) Review the <img> alt attribute—if the figcaption already fully describes the image for sighted users, the alt can be shorter or empty (alt="") only if the figcaption alone is sufficient for screen readers too; otherwise keep a concise alt. 4) Position <figcaption> as the first or last child of <figure>. Show the corrected HTML.
Explain the semantic meaning of <figure> and <figcaption>. The <figure> element represents self-contained content (an image, code sample, diagram) that is referenced from the main content but could be moved without affecting the document flow. <figcaption> provides a caption or legend for the figure. Screen readers announce the figcaption in association with the figure, giving users context. Without this markup, sighted users see a caption but screen reader users hear only the alt text with no indication that a visible caption exists.
Review image assets, markup, and delivery configuration related to Use <figure> and <figcaption> for image captions. Flag exact files or components where format choice, sizing, or loading behavior violates the rule, and describe how to confirm the fix in DevTools.
For full implementation details, code examples, and framework-specific guidance,
see references/rule.md.
Rule page: https://frontendchecklist.io/rules/images/figure-figcaption
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Create and review custom 404 pages that help visitors recover from broken or moved links through search and navigation. Check the rendered page and HTTP response so missing content returns a proper 404 status.
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Audit or create a dedicated About page that explains a website’s purpose and identifies its people or organization. Review the rendered output and supporting information, including expertise and contact details, to find gaps.
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Review and add automated accessibility checks for components, pages, and continuous integration workflows. Use axe-based tools to detect structural and attribute issues, while identifying checks that still need keyboard or screen reader testing.
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Review sign-in, registration, multi-factor authentication, and account recovery for accessibility barriers. Find blocked paste, difficult code entry, and inaccessible backup methods, then suggest authentication paths that support password managers, autofill, or device approval.
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Review form errors, success messages, and live updates so screen reader users receive important notifications. Check the HTML delivered to the browser, announcement settings, display duration, and dismissal controls, then identify specific elements that need changes.
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Review HTML tables so screen reader users can understand how headers and data relate. Check header markup, table descriptions, and merged cells, then identify specific fixes and ways to verify them.
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