Results for “identification”

This skill covers formal identification arguments and proofs in structural and reduced-form econometrics. Use when the user needs to prove or formalize that a parameter is identified — including writing identification propositions, stating regularity conditions, deriving rank conditions, or showing observational equivalence fails. Triggers on "identification proof", "identification argument", "identify the parameter", "show identification", "identification condition", "exclusion restriction proof", "rank condition", "order condition", "identification strategy formal", "nonparametric identification", "parametric identification", "local identification", "global identification", "observational equivalence", "identification at infinity", "completeness condition", "regularity conditions", "Rothenberg", "proof of identification", "identification result", "identified parameter", "point identified", "set identified", "partial identification".

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Use when the identification argument is the bottleneck for an American Economic Review: Insights (AER: Insights) short-format manuscript — causal identification in an empirical design, parameter identification in a structural model, or treatment-effect identification in an experiment. Stress-tests the strategy so it is clean enough to defend in a few pages, before exhibits are finalized.

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Implements HIPAA de-identification methods under 45 CFR §164.514(a)-(b). Covers expert determination method and safe harbor method with 18 identifiers removal, re-identification risk assessment, limited dataset requirements, and data use agreements. Keywords: HIPAA de-identification, safe harbor, expert determination, 18 identifiers, limited dataset, PHI.

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Use when the empirical identification of a macro shock or dynamic causal effect is the bottleneck for an American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics (AEJ: Macro) manuscript — SVAR, local projections, narrative, high-frequency/proxy-VAR, or micro-data macro designs. Stress-tests the identification to the AEJ: Macro broad-interest quantitative bar; for model-parameter identification see aejmac-theory-model.

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Process mass spectrometry data using scripts for format conversion, signal cleanup, peak detection, and quantification across samples. Prepare protein and metabolite analyses with identification filtering, candidate annotations, data tables, and plots.

• Inspect, convert, and preprocess mass spectrometry files
• Build quantitative tables across multiple samples
• Find metabolite candidates from accurate mass

Use when the quantitative model is the bottleneck for an American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics (AEJ: Macro) manuscript — DSGE, New Keynesian, heterogeneous-agent (HANK / Aiyagari-Bewley), or structural estimation — and calibration, parameter identification, solution accuracy, or counterfactual validity need discipline. For empirical shock identification see aejmac-identification.

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Use when the headline result of an American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics (AEJ: Macro) manuscript must be shown stable across specification, sample, identification, and tuning choices. Builds the robustness program a macro referee will demand; it does not establish the primary identification or model (use aejmac-identification / aejmac-theory-model first).

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Use when the empirical identification strategy is the bottleneck for a 《会计研究》 (Accounting Research) manuscript — exogenous standard / regulatory changes (event study, DID), PSM, Heckman, IV — and you need to stress-test the design before drafting tables. Prefers standard/regulatory shocks as the cleanest accounting identification source.

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Assessment of pseudonymization techniques and re-identification risk. Covers tokenization, hashing, encryption-based pseudonymization, and hybrid approaches. Includes re-identification risk scoring using the motivated intruder test, quantitative metrics (marketer, journalist, prosecutor models), and linkage attack resilience evaluation. References ENISA 2019 pseudonymization report.

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Field identification of minerals and ores using hardness, streak, luster, cleavage, crystal habit, and simple chemical tests. Covers the systematic elimination methodology, Mohs scale application, and common ore indicators for precious metals, gemstones, and industrial minerals. Use when encountering an unknown rock or mineral specimen, when prospecting and assessing whether a site shows valuable mineral indicators, when distinguishing ore-bearing rock from barren rock in the field, or when building geological literacy through systematic observation.

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Field identification of fungi using morphological features, spore prints, habitat analysis, and seasonal context with a safety-first approach. Covers cap, gill, stem, and spore characteristics, look-alike differentiation, toxicity risk assessment, and the critical rule of absolute certainty before consumption. Use when encountering an unknown fungus, foraging for edible mushrooms and needing to confirm species before consumption, assessing whether fungi in a garden or property are harmful, or differentiating an edible species from a dangerous look-alike.

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Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) — discover governing equations from time-series data. Builds sparse dynamical system models dx/dt = f(x) from measurements using PySINDy. Use when you have trajectory data and want to find the underlying ODE.

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Systematic bug identification methodology: source code review patterns, black-box testing strategies, taint analysis, dangerous function hunting, data flow tracing, and automated scanning setup. Use for code audits, bug bounty triage, or building vulnerability identification pipelines.

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Inspect and transform local DICOM medical imaging files, including metadata, image frames, and compression formats. Generate technical inventories and preview images, check installed codecs, and review pseudonymized derivatives without treating those checks as proof of de-identification.

• Create a technical inventory of local DICOM files
• Check compression support and frame memory needs
• Export a frame as a non-diagnostic preview

Assess authorized networks through host discovery, service checks, vulnerability identification, and controlled exploitation. Follow a structured testing process to document attack paths, demonstrate business impact, clean up test artifacts, and prioritize remediation.

• Assessing internal or external network security
• Validating firewall rules and network segmentation
• Verifying whether service vulnerabilities are exploitable

Helps founders and first-time CEOs review delegation, calendar use, energy, and leadership blind spots. Provides frameworks and reflection questions for adapting their role as the company grows, addressing burnout concerns, and preparing others to take over responsibilities.

• Choosing which tasks and decisions to delegate
• Reviewing a CEO's calendar and sources of exhaustion
• Reassessing leadership responsibilities as the company grows

Causal inference design audit for the sewage-house-prices project. Runs a 4-phase review (claim identification, design validity, inference, polish) covering hedonic pricing, repeat sales, long difference, DiD/event studies, upstream/downstream, and dry spill strategies. This skill should be used when asked to "check the econometrics", "audit the identification", "review the strategy", or when verifying that code matches the stated design.

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Design or review identification strategy for the sewage-house-prices project. Produces strategy memos with estimand, assumptions, pseudo-code, robustness plan, falsification tests, and referee objection anticipation. This skill should be used when asked to "design the strategy", "identify the effect", "write a strategy memo", or "think through identification".

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Start a new research project by conducting a structured interview to formalize a research idea, then generates research questions with identification strategies and a project spec. Make sure to use this skill whenever the user wants to develop or document a new research idea — not to search for literature or data. Triggers include: "new project", "start research", "I have an idea", "help me develop this", "I want to study X", "help me formalize this idea", "what's my research question", "what identification strategy should I use", "write up my project idea", or when the user describes a topic they want to turn into a paper.

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This skill covers causal inference methods in observational and quasi-experimental settings. Use when the user is implementing, choosing between, or debugging causal identification strategies — including instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, synthetic control, or matching estimators. Triggers on "causal effect", "identification strategy", "instrumental variable", "2SLS", "GMM", "difference-in-differences", "DiD", "staggered treatment", "regression discontinuity", "RDD", "synthetic control", "matching", "propensity score", "IPW", "AIPW", "doubly robust", "LATE", "ATT", "ATE", "parallel trends", "exclusion restriction", "first stage", "weak instruments", or "endogeneity".

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Deeply analyze any empirical economics PDF using the five-question framework (五问框架): research question, identification strategy, core estimand, robustness logic, and scholarly contribution. Converts the PDF to Markdown, dispatches 5 parallel sub-agents (one per question), then compiles a 2000–3000 Chinese-character report with a transferable methodology checklist. Optimized for empirical economics papers in top journals (AER, QJE, JPE, RFS, RoF, JFE, etc.). Use this skill whenever the user wants to: - systematically analyze an empirical economics paper - apply the 五问框架 (five-question framework) to a paper - extract transferable research design elements from a top-journal paper - understand a paper's identification strategy, estimand, or robustness logic - run /five-questions, /five-q, or /paper-five-q-analysis - "帮我做五问分析", "用五问框架分析这篇论文", "analyze this paper with the five-question framework"

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This skill covers game-theoretic methods in structural econometrics and industrial organization. Use when the user is working with strategic interactions, equilibrium analysis, or game-theoretic structural models — including entry games, conduct testing, auction models with strategic bidding, bargaining, or matching markets. Triggers on "Nash equilibrium", "subgame perfect", "best response", "strategic interaction", "entry game", "conduct testing", "auction", "mechanism design", "matching market", "bargaining", "BNE", "Bayesian Nash", "static game", "dynamic game", "repeated game", "multiple equilibria", "equilibrium selection", "discrete game", "oligopoly", "game-theoretic", "player", "payoff", "strategy", "dominant strategy", "Bresnahan-Reiss", "Ciliberto-Tamer", "partial identification", "set identification", or markup test.

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This skill covers applied microeconomic empirical methods and research design. Use when the user is selecting an identification strategy, comparing estimators, running diagnostics, designing a research study, or evaluating an empirical strategy. Triggers on "which method", "what estimator", "how to choose", "method comparison", "empirical strategy", "research design", "applied micro", "identification strategy", "power analysis", "design-based", "model-based", "minimum detectable effect", "specification".

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Spectral similarity and compound identification for metabolomics. Use for comparing mass spectra, computing similarity scores (cosine, modified cosine), and identifying unknown compounds from spectral libraries. Best for metabolite identification, spectral matching, library searching. For full LC-MS/MS proteomics pipelines use pyopenms.

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