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deployment-patterns

Prepare web applications for production with Docker configurations, automated testing and deployment workflows, health checks, and rollback plans. Compare release strategies and review application, infrastructure, monitoring, security, and operational readiness before launch.

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Flujos de trabajo de despliegue, patrones de pipeline CI/CD, contenedorización Docker, health checks, estrategias de rollback y listas de verificación de preparación para producción de aplicaciones web.

AI rating80/ 100See how to install

Good for

  • Set up automated testing and deployment
  • Package a web application with Docker
  • Choose a production release strategy
  • Prepare and test rollback procedures
  • Review readiness before a production launch

Overview

What it does

Prepare the configurations and procedures needed to release a web application to production. The skill packages applications with their runtime environments using Docker and designs CI/CD workflows, which automate testing through deployment. It compares rolling updates, switching between two environments, and releasing to a small share of traffic first. It also covers health checks and plans for returning to an earlier version. Examples include Dockerfiles for Node.js, Go, and Python/Django, plus GitHub Actions workflows.

When it helps

Use it when preparing your first production launch or revisiting an existing deployment process. Checklists help organize environment variable validation, monitoring, security, and operational checks before release. It also addresses compatibility during database changes and advance verification of recovery procedures.

Example requests

  • “Create a Dockerfile and a GitHub Actions deployment workflow for my Node.js application.”
  • “Compare release strategies and organize a rollback plan.”
  • “Review this configuration against the production readiness checklist.”

Notes

Depending on the example, you need Docker, deployment platform tools, and credentials. Configure deployment commands for your platform. Switching between two environments requires two sets of infrastructure during deployment. Releasing to a small share of traffic requires traffic routing and monitoring.

This overview was written by AI (OpenAI Codex) from the public SKILL.md. Check the original below for the exact behavior.

Objective evaluation

AI rated this skill on four points using only the contents of its SKILL.md. Stars and popularity are not taken into account.

Clear instructionsIs it clear when to use it and what it does?
AGoodIt lists when to use the skill and tasks such as CI/CD setup, Docker packaging, and release strategy selection.
Concrete stepsAre steps, inputs, outputs, and examples spelled out?
AGoodIt provides Dockerfiles for three languages, GitHub Actions configuration, and health check code.
SafetyAre sending data, deleting files, and running commands disclosed?
BPartly lackingThe configuration pushes images using GITHUB_TOKEN, but does not specify a confirmation procedure before sending them.
Easy setupDoes it need few tools or API keys, and are they documented?
BPartly lackingIt includes Docker and deployment command examples, but omits installation and authentication steps for deployment tools.

The total counts each point as A = 25, B = 15, C = 5. Rated by AI (OpenAI Codex) as of Oct 19, 2026. Treat it as a guide and read the original before installing.

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SKILL.md (original)

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Patrones de Despliegue

Flujos de trabajo de despliegue en producción y buenas prácticas de CI/CD.

Cuándo Activar

  • Configurar pipelines de CI/CD
  • Contenedorizar una aplicación con Docker
  • Planificar estrategia de despliegue (blue-green, canary, rolling)
  • Implementar health checks y readiness probes
  • Preparar un lanzamiento a producción
  • Configurar ajustes específicos por entorno

Estrategias de Despliegue

Rolling Deployment (Por Defecto)

Reemplazar instancias gradualmente — las versiones vieja y nueva se ejecutan simultáneamente durante el despliegue.

Instancia 1: v1 → v2  (actualizar primero)
Instancia 2: v1        (aún ejecutando v1)
Instancia 3: v1        (aún ejecutando v1)

Instancia 1: v2
Instancia 2: v1 → v2  (actualizar segundo)
Instancia 3: v1

Instancia 1: v2
Instancia 2: v2
Instancia 3: v1 → v2  (actualizar último)

Pros: Zero downtime, despliegue gradual Contras: Dos versiones se ejecutan simultáneamente — requiere cambios compatibles hacia atrás Usar cuando: Despliegues estándar, cambios compatibles hacia atrás

Blue-Green Deployment

Ejecutar dos entornos idénticos. Cambiar el tráfico de forma atómica.

Blue  (v1) ← tráfico
Green (v2)   inactivo, ejecutando nueva versión

# Después de la verificación:
Blue  (v1)   inactivo (se convierte en standby)
Green (v2) ← tráfico

Pros: Rollback instantáneo (cambiar de vuelta a blue), corte limpio Contras: Requiere 2x infraestructura durante el despliegue Usar cuando: Servicios críticos, tolerancia cero a problemas

Canary Deployment

Enrutar un pequeño porcentaje del tráfico a la nueva versión primero.

v1: 95% del tráfico
v2:  5% del tráfico  (canary)

# Si las métricas se ven bien:
v1: 50% del tráfico
v2: 50% del tráfico

# Final:
v2: 100% del tráfico

Pros: Detecta problemas con tráfico real antes del despliegue completo Contras: Requiere infraestructura de división de tráfico, monitoreo Usar cuando: Servicios de alto tráfico, cambios arriesgados, feature flags

Docker

Dockerfile Multi-Stage (Node.js)

# Etapa 1: Instalar dependencias
FROM node:22-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci --production=false

# Etapa 2: Build
FROM node:22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
RUN npm prune --production

# Etapa 3: Imagen de producción
FROM node:22-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -u 1001
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./

ENV NODE_ENV=production
EXPOSE 3000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1

CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]

Dockerfile Multi-Stage (Go)

FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server

FROM alpine:3.19 AS runner
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
RUN adduser -D -u 1001 appuser
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder /server /server

EXPOSE 8080
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
CMD ["/server"]

Dockerfile Multi-Stage (Python/Django)

FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner
WORKDIR /app

RUN useradd -r -u 1001 appuser
USER appuser

COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin
COPY . .

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
EXPOSE 8000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health/')" || exit 1
CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4"]

Buenas Prácticas de Docker

# Buenas prácticas
- Usar etiquetas de versión específicas (node:22-alpine, no node:latest)
- Builds multi-stage para minimizar el tamaño de imagen
- Ejecutar como usuario no-root
- Copiar archivos de dependencias primero (cache de capas)
- Usar .dockerignore para excluir node_modules, .git, tests
- Agregar instrucción HEALTHCHECK
- Establecer límites de recursos en docker-compose o k8s

# Malas prácticas
- Ejecutar como root
- Usar etiquetas :latest
- Copiar todo el repositorio en una sola capa COPY
- Instalar dependencias de desarrollo en imagen de producción
- Almacenar secretos en la imagen (usar variables de entorno o gestor de secretos)

Pipeline CI/CD

GitHub Actions (Pipeline Estándar)

name: CI/CD

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 22
          cache: npm
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npm run typecheck
      - run: npm test -- --coverage
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        if: always()
        with:
          name: coverage
          path: coverage/

  build:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          push: true
          tags: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    environment: production
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to production
        run: |
          # Comando de despliegue específico de plataforma
          # Railway: railway up
          # Vercel: vercel --prod
          # K8s: kubectl set image deployment/app app=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
          echo "Deploying ${{ github.sha }}"

Etapas del Pipeline

PR abierto:
  lint → typecheck → pruebas unitarias → pruebas de integración → despliegue preview

Merge a main:
  lint → typecheck → pruebas unitarias → pruebas de integración → build imagen → desplegar staging → smoke tests → desplegar producción

Health Checks

Endpoint de Health Check

// Health check simple
app.get("/health", (req, res) => {
  res.status(200).json({ status: "ok" });
});

// Health check detallado (para monitoreo interno)
app.get("/health/detailed", async (req, res) => {
  const checks = {
    database: await checkDatabase(),
    redis: await checkRedis(),
    externalApi: await checkExternalApi(),
  };

  const allHealthy = Object.values(checks).every(c => c.status === "ok");

  res.status(allHealthy ? 200 : 503).json({
    status: allHealthy ? "ok" : "degraded",
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
    version: process.env.APP_VERSION || "unknown",
    uptime: process.uptime(),
    checks,
  });
});

async function checkDatabase(): Promise<HealthCheck> {
  try {
    await db.query("SELECT 1");
    return { status: "ok", latency_ms: 2 };
  } catch (err) {
    return { status: "error", message: "Database unreachable" };
  }
}

Probes de Kubernetes

livenessProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /health
    port: 3000
  initialDelaySeconds: 10
  periodSeconds: 30
  failureThreshold: 3

readinessProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /health
    port: 3000
  initialDelaySeconds: 5
  periodSeconds: 10
  failureThreshold: 2

startupProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /health
    port: 3000
  initialDelaySeconds: 0
  periodSeconds: 5
  failureThreshold: 30    # 30 * 5s = 150s tiempo máximo de inicio

Configuración de Entorno

Patrón Twelve-Factor App

# Toda la configuración mediante variables de entorno — nunca en el código
DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@host:5432/db
REDIS_URL=redis://host:6379/0
API_KEY=${API_KEY}           # inyectado por el gestor de secretos
LOG_LEVEL=info
PORT=3000

# Comportamiento específico por entorno
NODE_ENV=production          # o staging, development
APP_ENV=production           # entorno de app explícito

Validación de Configuración

import { z } from "zod";

const envSchema = z.object({
  NODE_ENV: z.enum(["development", "staging", "production"]),
  PORT: z.coerce.number().default(3000),
  DATABASE_URL: z.string().url(),
  REDIS_URL: z.string().url(),
  JWT_SECRET: z.string().min(32),
  LOG_LEVEL: z.enum(["debug", "info", "warn", "error"]).default("info"),
});

// Validar al inicio — fallar rápido si la configuración es incorrecta
export const env = envSchema.parse(process.env);

Estrategia de Rollback

Rollback Instantáneo

# Docker/Kubernetes: apuntar a imagen anterior
kubectl rollout undo deployment/app

# Vercel: promover despliegue anterior
vercel rollback

# Railway: volver a desplegar commit anterior
railway up --commit <previous-sha>

# Base de datos: revertir migración (si es reversible)
npx prisma migrate resolve --rolled-back <migration-name>

Lista de Verificación de Rollback

  • La imagen/artefacto anterior está disponible y etiquetado
  • Las migraciones de base de datos son compatibles hacia atrás (sin cambios destructivos)
  • Los feature flags pueden deshabilitar nuevas funciones sin despliegue
  • Alertas de monitoreo configuradas para picos de tasa de error
  • Rollback probado en staging antes del lanzamiento a producción

Lista de Verificación de Preparación para Producción

Antes de cualquier despliegue a producción:

Aplicación

  • Todas las pruebas pasan (unitarias, integración, E2E)
  • Sin secretos hardcodeados en código o archivos de configuración
  • El manejo de errores cubre todos los casos límite
  • El logging es estructurado (JSON) y no contiene PII
  • El endpoint de health check retorna estado significativo

Infraestructura

  • La imagen Docker se construye de forma reproducible (versiones fijadas)
  • Las variables de entorno están documentadas y validadas al inicio
  • Límites de recursos establecidos (CPU, memoria)
  • Escalado horizontal configurado (instancias mín/máx)
  • SSL/TLS habilitado en todos los endpoints

Monitoreo

  • Métricas de aplicación exportadas (tasa de requests, latencia, errores)
  • Alertas configuradas para tasa de error > umbral
  • Agregación de logs configurada (logs estructurados, con búsqueda)
  • Monitoreo de uptime en endpoint de health

Seguridad

  • Dependencias escaneadas en busca de CVEs
  • CORS configurado solo para orígenes permitidos
  • Rate limiting habilitado en endpoints públicos
  • Autenticación y autorización verificadas
  • Headers de seguridad establecidos (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options)

Operaciones

  • Plan de rollback documentado y probado
  • Migración de base de datos probada contra datos de tamaño de producción
  • Runbook para escenarios de fallo comunes
  • Rotación de on-call y ruta de escalación definida

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