Command Design Patterns

The Forge Model (Gold Standard)

forge.md at 40 lines is the reference dispatcher. Contains: header (wave, agent, overview) | Agent invocation (name + command + config) | Success criteria (checklist) | Next wave handoff | Expected outputs. Every dispatcher should aspire to this pattern.

Command Categories

Category	Description	Size Target	Examples
Simple	Direct action, minimal delegation	40-80 lines	forge, start, version, git
Dispatcher	Delegates to one agent with context	40-150 lines	research, review, execute
Orchestrator	Coordinates multiple agents/phases	100-300 lines	develop, document

Declarative Command Template

Commands declare WHAT, not HOW. The agent knows how to do its job.

# DW-{NAME}: {Title}

**Wave**: {WAVE_NAME}
**Agent**: {persona} ({agent-id})

## Overview

One paragraph: what this command does and when to use it.

## Context Files Required

- {path} - {why needed}

## Agent Invocation

@{agent-id}

Execute \*{command} for {parameters}.

**Context Files:**
- {files the orchestrator reads and passes}

**Configuration:**
- {key}: {value} # {comment}

## Success Criteria

- [ ] {measurable outcome}
- [ ] {quality gate}

## Next Wave

**Handoff To**: {next wave or workflow step}
**Deliverables**: {what this command produces}

# Expected outputs:
# - {file paths}

Size Targets and Evidence

Research (Chroma Research, Anthropic context engineering): focused prompts (~300 tokens) outperform full prompts (~113k tokens) | Claude shows most pronounced performance gap | Information buried mid-prompt gets deprioritized ("Lost in the Middle") | Opus 4.6 is proactive/self-directing; verbose instructions cause overtriggering

Targets: Dispatchers 40-150 lines | Orchestrators 100-300 lines | Current average 437 lines; target under 150

The Duplication Triangle

Commands duplicate content in three directions, all waste tokens:

1. Command-to-Command: Orchestrator briefings, agent registries, parameter parsing repeated in 5-12 files (~620 lines waste)
2. Command-to-Agent: Domain knowledge belonging in agents (~1,300 lines waste). Examples: TDD phases in execute.md, DIVIO templates in document.md, refactoring hierarchies in refactor.md
3. Command-to-Self: develop.md embeds other commands inline (~1,000 lines)

Fix: Extract shared content to preamble skill. Move domain knowledge to agents. Have orchestrators reference sub-commands.

Anti-Patterns

Anti-pattern	Impact	Fix
Procedural overload	Step-by-step for capable agents wastes tokens, "lost in the middle"	Declare goal + constraints, let agent apply methodology
Duplicated briefings	Same orchestrator constraints in every command (30-80 lines each)	Extract to shared preamble, reference once
Embedded domain knowledge	Refactoring hierarchies, review criteria, TDD cycles in commands	Move to agent definitions or skills
Aggressive language	"CRITICAL/MANDATORY/MUST" causes overtriggering in Opus 4.6	Direct statements without emphasis markers
Example overload	50+ lines of JSON examples	2-3 canonical examples suffice
Inline validation logic	Prompt template validation in command text	Platform/hook responsibility
Dead code	Deprecated formats, aspirational metrics, old signatures	Remove; version control preserves history
Verbose JSON state examples	200+ lines of unused JSON	Show actual format (pipe-delimited), 3 examples max

When Commands Should Contain Logic vs Delegate

Contain in command (declarative):

1. Which agent to invoke
2. What context files to read/pass
3. Success criteria and quality gates
4. Next wave handoff

Delegate to agent:

1. Methodology (TDD phases, review criteria, refactoring levels)
2. Domain-specific templates/schemas
3. Tool-specific config (cosmic-ray, pytest)
4. Quality assessment rubrics

Rule: if content describes HOW the agent does its work, it belongs in agent definition or skill, not command.

Canonical Examples

Example 1: Minimal Dispatcher (forge.md pattern, ~40 lines)

# DW-FORGE: Create Agent (V2)

**Wave**: CROSS_WAVE
**Agent**: Zeus (nw-agent-builder)

## Overview

Create a new agent using the research-validated v2 approach.

## Agent Invocation

@nw-agent-builder

Execute \*forge to create {agent-name} agent.

**Configuration:**
- agent_type: specialist | reviewer | orchestrator

## Success Criteria

- [ ] Agent definition under 400 lines
- [ ] 11-point validation checklist passes
- [ ] 3-5 canonical examples included

## Next Wave

**Handoff To**: Agent installation and deployment
**Deliverables**: Agent specification file + Skill files

Example 2: Medium Dispatcher with Context (~80 lines)

# DW-RESEARCH: Evidence-Driven Research

**Wave**: CROSS_WAVE
**Agent**: Nova (nw-researcher)

## Overview

Execute systematic evidence-based research with source verification.

## Orchestration: Trusted Source Config

Read .nwave/trusted-source-domains.yaml at orchestration time, embed inline in prompt.

## Agent Invocation

@nw-researcher

Execute \*research on {topic} [--embed-for={agent-name}].

**Configuration:**
- research_depth: detailed
- output_directory: docs/research/

## Success Criteria

- [ ] All sources from trusted domains
- [ ] Cross-reference performed (3+ sources per major claim)
- [ ] Research file created in docs/research/

## Next Wave

**Handoff To**: Invoking workflow
**Deliverables**: Research document + optional embed file

Example 3: Orchestrator (~200 lines)

Coordinates multiple phases without embedding agent knowledge:

# DW-DOCUMENT: Documentation Creation

**Wave**: CROSS_WAVE
**Agent**: Orchestrator (self)

## Overview

Create DIVIO-compliant documentation through research and writing phases.

## Phases

1. Research phase: @nw-researcher gathers domain knowledge
2. Writing phase: @nw-documentarist creates documentation
3. Review phase: @nw-reviewer validates quality

## Phase 1: Research

@nw-researcher - Execute \*research on {topic}
[Orchestrator reads and passes relevant context files]

## Phase 2: Writing

@nw-documentarist - Create {doc-type} documentation
[Orchestrator passes research output as context]

## Phase 3: Review

@nw-reviewer - Review documentation against DIVIO standards
[Orchestrator passes documentation for review]

## Success Criteria
[Per-phase and overall criteria]

The orchestrator describes WHAT each phase does and WHO does it. The agents know HOW.

Compression Guidelines

When optimizing command files for token efficiency:

Safe to compress:

1. Prose descriptions → pipe-delimited
2. Verbose explanations → imperative voice
3. Filler words ("in order to", "it is important to") → remove
4. Related bullet items → single line with | separators

Never compress:

1. ### Example N: section headers — keep verbatim (eval tools and agents depend on these)
2. AskUserQuestion decision tree options — these are runtime menu items, not documentation
3. **Question**: lines in decision points — runtime behavior
4. Code blocks and YAML — preserve verbatim
5. YAML frontmatter — preserve exactly

Compression evidence: Pipe-delimited compression achieves 15-30% token reduction on prose-heavy files. Code-heavy files (PBT skills, code examples) yield <5%. Average across framework: ~7.4% overall.

Orchestrator skill loading section: Commands dispatching sub-agents must include SKILL_LOADING in the Task prompt reminding the agent to read its skills at ~/.claude/skills/nw-{skill-name}/SKILL.md. Without this, sub-agents operate without domain knowledge (the skills: frontmatter is decorative).

Command Installation Format (v2.8+)

Since v2.8.0, commands are installed as skills, not as separate command files. The installer reads from nWave/skills/nw-{command-name}/SKILL.md, NOT from nWave/tasks/nw/{command-name}.md. The legacy tasks/nw/*.md path is still supported but is NOT auto-installed.

When creating a new command, produce THREE files:

1. nWave/skills/nw-{name}/SKILL.md — the installable command skill. Frontmatter MUST include:

   ---
   name: nw-{name}
   description: "One-line description for slash command menu"
   user-invocable: true
   argument-hint: "[args] - Example: \"example usage\""
   ---
   

   Body: the full command definition (same content as the declarative template above).

2. nWave/tasks/nw/{name}.md — legacy task file (kept for backward compat + reference). Same content, simpler frontmatter (just description + argument-hint).

3. nWave/skills/nw-{name}-methodology/SKILL.md (optional) — deep methodology knowledge for the agent. Frontmatter:

   ---
   name: nw-{name}-methodology
   description: "Methodology knowledge for {name}"
   user-invocable: false
   disable-model-invocation: true
   ---
   

The skill file (nWave/skills/nw-{name}/SKILL.md) is the PRIMARY deliverable. Without it, the command won't appear in the /nw- menu after installation. The task file is secondary.

Also update nWave/framework-catalog.yaml with the command entry under the appropriate wave section.