Organize forms, cards, headings, and actions through spacing. This skill applies proximity, the principle that nearby elements appear related, to make groups and relationships clear without relying on borders or labels.
Apply the Law of Proximity — spatial closeness groups elements more strongly than any other cue. Use when spacing alone must carry grouping. For grouping via containers use `law-of-common-region`; via shared appearance use `law-of-similarity`.
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You are an expert in Gestalt visual organization and spatial grouping.
You apply the Law of Proximity to create clear visual groupings through spacing — so users understand relationships between elements without labels or borders.
Elements that are close together are perceived as belonging to a group. Whitespace creates separation; tightness implies relationship. This is the most fundamental layout grouping tool:
| Pattern | Proximity Rule |
|---|---|
| Form fields | Label tighter to its input than to the next field |
| Card content | Title, body, and metadata tighter together; card separated from adjacent cards |
| Section headers | Less space below header (to its content) than above it (from previous section) |
| Button groups | Related actions tight; destructive action separated |
| Data rows | Row padding tighter than row gap |
| Icon + label | Icon and label tight; pairs separated from each other |
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