테스트·보안 스킬

Analyze WebSocket and SSE realtime connections in CTF sandboxes. Trace connection setup, authentication, subscriptions, and message sequences to explain changes in displayed or stored state and identify the smallest sequence that reproduces them.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Inspecting connection setup and authentication data
• Decoding realtime messages and subscription flow
• Tracing reconnect behavior and message order

Investigate Kubernetes permissions and cluster behavior in CTF sandboxes. Trace role-based access control, service accounts, and automated controllers to explain workload changes, secret exposure, and differences between configuration files and live objects.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Checking service account API permissions
• Tracing secret exposure through workload changes
• Comparing YAML manifests with live cluster objects

Investigate Kerberos delegation, which lets services act on another identity, in a CTF sandbox. Trace delegation settings, issued tickets, and service acceptance to document a reproducible trust path and the privileges it actually grants.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Identifying constrained, unconstrained, or resource-based delegation
• Tracing S4U steps and issued authentication tickets
• Verifying ticket acceptance and resulting privileges

Trace how requests become rendered pages in a CTF sandbox. Compare display restrictions with server enforcement, inspect data passed to the browser, and preserve a minimal example that demonstrates where rendering behavior diverges.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace routes through server rendering
• Inspect page data passed to the browser
• Compare display restrictions with handler enforcement

Trace SSH keys, tokens, and other credentials in Linux CTF environments. Connect each recovered artifact to the service that accepts it, then document the resulting privileges or movement to another host.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace where recovered SSH keys and tokens are accepted
• Document privilege gains through sockets or sudo
• Explain movement between Linux challenge hosts

Examine container isolation in a CTF sandbox, a controlled security challenge environment. The skill checks kernel and runtime conditions, verifies whether an exploit crosses into host context, and preserves a minimal reproducible chain with evidence.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Review container isolation settings in a CTF environment
• Check kernel exploit prerequisites
• Verify whether a trigger crosses the container boundary

Reconstruct frontend behavior from served JavaScript, build manifests, and source maps, which link built code to source. Trace loaded modules, recover route and API references, and identify the smallest asset sequence that explains observed behavior.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Reconstructing the structure of served JavaScript
• Recovering route and API references from built assets
• Tracing chunk loading and obscured loader code

Build an evidence-backed incident timeline in a CTF sandbox by correlating logs, network captures, and other artifacts. Trace attacker actions across sources, distinguish confirmed events from inferred gaps, and preserve the sequence that supports the conclusion.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Combine logs and network captures into an incident timeline
• Trace attacker actions from initial access to persistence
• Separate confirmed event order from inferred gaps

Trace how JWT, JWS, and JWE tokens become accepted identities or privileges in a CTF sandbox. Examine headers, key selection, and claims, the token's attributes, then preserve a minimal reproducible path demonstrating validation confusion.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Inspect token headers and key selection in a CTF sandbox
• Trace how token claims become application permissions
• Build a minimal reproduction of token acceptance confusion

Trace OAuth and OIDC sign-in flows in a CTF sandbox, from redirects through token exchange to application acceptance. Show where tokens become a recognized identity or permission, and preserve the smallest reproducible flow.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace sign-in redirects and callback parameters
• Inspect state, nonce, and PKCE validation
• Check how tokens become application identity or permissions

Trace forced authentication and relay chains in a CTF sandbox. Identify what triggers authentication, which service accepts the forwarded identity, and what privilege or artifact results, while distinguishing captured authentication from a successfully accepted relay.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Identify what triggers forced authentication
• Find which service accepts relayed authentication
• Connect relay acceptance to resulting privileges

Compare how proxies and backend servers interpret HTTP requests in a CTF sandbox. Use paired requests and logs to pinpoint differences in paths, headers, or message boundaries, then document a minimal reproduction of unintended routing.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Compare HTTP interpretation across proxies and backend servers
• Investigate path normalization and decoding differences
• Trace routing changes caused by ambiguous headers

Inspect firmware in a CTF sandbox, map its partitions, and trace startup and update steps. Connect extracted files, credentials, and configuration to device behavior, preserving evidence for a minimal reproducible path.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Map firmware partitions and extracted filesystems
• Trace startup and update verification steps
• Identify where embedded credentials are used

Analyze Windows identity and host evidence in CTF sandboxes. Connect authentication tickets, credentials, mailbox rules, and host activity to explain which services accept access and how movement between hosts occurs.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Tracing authentication tickets and tokens
• Investigating mailbox rules alongside identity events
• Building a timeline of Windows host evidence

Analyze binaries, malware samples, memory dumps, and packet captures in sandboxed security challenges. Trace program behavior, investigate crashes, and verify exploit conditions while preserving original files, decoded artifacts, and observable evidence for reproducible findings.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Reverse engineer a binary’s structure and behavior
• Unpack a malware sample and separate its components
• Investigate crashes and verify exploit conditions

Trace software artifacts from source and dependencies through builds, publishing, and runtime use in CTF sandboxes. Compare intended versions with shipped files to identify the earliest divergence and document the evidence linking each stage.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Comparing declared, resolved, and shipped dependency versions
• Tracing package or build tampering through CI/CD
• Identifying the artifact actually used at runtime

Compare GraphQL and RPC contracts, which describe expected API behavior, with generated clients and live handlers in a CTF sandbox. Identify hidden or outdated operations and preserve minimal request pairs that demonstrate the mismatch.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Compare API contracts with live request handling
• Trace requests made by generated clients
• Investigate hidden or outdated API operations

Investigate Windows secrets protected by DPAPI, a system for encrypting sensitive data, in a CTF sandbox. Trace the required keys and account context through decryption, then verify which service accepts the recovered secret.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Inspect DPAPI-protected data and masterkeys
• Trace credentials stored by browsers or Windows Vault
• Identify the account or machine context needed for decryption

Trace server-side request forgery, where a server fetches a supplied URL, through internal services and metadata endpoints in a CTF sandbox. Document credential scope and distinguish successful token extraction from access actually accepted by another service.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Tracing server-side requests to internal services
• Checking metadata access and token scope
• Distinguishing token extraction from accepted access

Investigate web applications in a CTF sandbox by tracing real browser requests, stored state, API calls, and background jobs. Compare successful and failing flows to explain authentication, routing, and differences between interface and server behavior.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace authentication and session flows
• Compare browser state with server behavior
• Follow uploads and background jobs

Trace how requests travel through a CTF sandbox, from hostnames and proxy rules to containers and processes. Compare headers and live traffic to identify which service handles a request and what changes its destination.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Identify which container handles a request
• Check how Host and forwarded headers affect routing
• Trace path rewrites and WebSocket routing

Trace queued jobs from submission to their eventual effects in a CTF sandbox. Compare request-time and worker-time settings, follow retries and failed-message handling, and document the smallest sequence that explains a worker-specific result.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace a queued payload to its eventual downstream effect
• Compare request-time settings with worker runtime state
• Investigate retries and dead-letter queue handling

Solve sandboxed CTF security challenges by reconstructing encoding and encryption steps, extracting data hidden in media, and tracing mobile app signing or storage behavior. Preserve exact parameters and evidence to reproduce decoded content or signed requests.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Reconstructing encoding and encryption chains in CTF challenges
• Extracting data hidden in images and other media
• Tracing APK or IPA request-signing logic

Trace mailbox abuse in a CTF sandbox, a controlled security challenge environment. The skill connects OAuth permissions, forwarding rules, delegated access, and message logs to concrete mail effects, documenting the smallest reproducible sequence and supporting evidence.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Trace how OAuth consent enables mailbox access
• Investigate forwarding and inbox rule effects
• Verify shared mailbox and delegated access