luo kai

Expert-level inorganic chemistry knowledge. Use when working with coordination chemistry, transition metals, crystal field theory, organometallics, main group chemistry, solid state chemistry, acid-base theory, or inorganic reaction mechanisms. Also use when the user mentions 'coordination complex', 'ligand', 'crystal field', 'transition metal', 'oxidation state', 'organometallic', 'Lewis acid', 'VSEPR', 'symmetry', 'point group', 'solid state', or 'catalysis'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level acoustics knowledge. Use when working with sound waves, acoustic propagation, resonance, standing waves, Doppler effect, room acoustics, ultrasound, noise control, musical acoustics, or architectural acoustics. Also use when the user mentions 'sound wave', 'decibel', 'frequency', 'resonance', 'standing wave', 'Doppler effect', 'acoustic impedance', 'reverberation', 'ultrasound', 'noise control', 'harmonics', or 'sound intensity'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level immunology covering innate and adaptive immunity, antibody structure and function, T cell biology, immune evasion, vaccines, autoimmunity, and immunotherapy.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level electrochemistry knowledge. Use when working with electrochemical cells, electrode potentials, Nernst equation, electrolysis, batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, electroplating, or electroanalytical methods. Also use when the user mentions 'galvanic cell', 'electrolytic cell', 'electrode potential', 'Nernst equation', 'overpotential', 'Butler-Volmer', 'battery', 'fuel cell', 'corrosion', 'electroplating', 'cyclic voltammetry', or 'impedance spectroscopy'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level plasma physics knowledge. Use when working with plasma state, Debye shielding, plasma oscillations, magnetohydrodynamics, plasma confinement, fusion plasmas, space plasmas, plasma waves, or plasma instabilities. Also use when the user mentions 'plasma', 'Debye length', 'plasma frequency', 'MHD', 'magnetic confinement', 'tokamak', 'plasma instability', 'Alfven wave', 'Langmuir probe', 'ionosphere', or 'solar wind'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level quantum mechanics knowledge. Use when working with wave functions, Schrodinger equation, quantum states, operators, uncertainty principle, quantum tunneling, spin, angular momentum, perturbation theory, or quantum entanglement. Also use when the user mentions 'wave function', 'Schrodinger', 'Heisenberg', 'quantum state', 'eigenvalue', 'superposition', 'tunneling', 'spin', 'Hilbert space', 'Dirac notation', 'commutator', or 'quantum measurement'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level genetics covering Mendelian inheritance, molecular genetics, mutations, linkage analysis, population genetics, epigenetics, and GWAS. Covers classical and modern approaches from Mendel to CRISPR.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level medicinal chemistry knowledge. Use when working with drug design, structure-activity relationships, ADMET properties, pharmacophores, lead optimization, target identification, drug metabolism, or pharmaceutical development. Also use when the user mentions 'SAR', 'drug design', 'pharmacophore', 'ADMET', 'lead compound', 'hit to lead', 'drug metabolism', 'bioavailability', 'selectivity', 'binding affinity', 'scaffold hopping', or 'bioisostere'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level molecular biology knowledge. Use when working with DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, cloning, PCR, sequencing, CRISPR, epigenetics, or molecular techniques. Also use when the user mentions 'DNA replication', 'transcription', 'translation', 'gene expression', 'PCR', 'cloning', 'restriction enzyme', 'gel electrophoresis', 'Western blot', 'CRISPR', 'epigenetics', 'promoter', 'enhancer', or 'RNA splicing'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level developmental biology covering embryogenesis, cell fate determination, morphogen gradients, organogenesis, stem cells, and regenerative medicine.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level cell biology knowledge. Use when working with cell structure, organelles, cell signaling, cell cycle, cell division, cytoskeleton, membrane biology, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, or cell biology techniques. Also use when the user mentions 'organelle', 'mitochondria', 'endoplasmic reticulum', 'Golgi', 'cytoskeleton', 'cell cycle', 'mitosis', 'meiosis', 'apoptosis', 'signal transduction', 'membrane potential', 'endocytosis', or 'cell migration'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level abstract algebra knowledge. Use when working with groups, rings, fields, modules, Galois theory, representation theory, or algebraic structures. Also use when the user mentions 'group', 'ring', 'field', 'homomorphism', 'isomorphism', 'normal subgroup', 'quotient group', 'Sylow theorem', 'Galois theory', 'polynomial ring', 'ideal', 'module', 'vector space', or 'representation theory'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level complex analysis knowledge. Use when working with complex functions, holomorphic functions, Cauchy's theorem, contour integration, Laurent series, residues, conformal mappings, or analytic continuation. Also use when the user mentions 'holomorphic', 'analytic', 'Cauchy theorem', 'residue', 'contour integral', 'Laurent series', 'conformal map', 'Riemann mapping', 'Mobius transformation', 'harmonic function', 'entire function', or 'meromorphic'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level fluid physics knowledge. Use when working with fluid statics, fluid dynamics, Bernoulli equation, viscosity, turbulence, Navier-Stokes equations, boundary layers, vorticity, compressible flow, or surface tension. Also use when the user mentions 'Bernoulli', 'Navier-Stokes', 'Reynolds number', 'turbulence', 'viscosity', 'boundary layer', 'vorticity', 'continuity equation', 'laminar flow', 'pressure', 'buoyancy', or 'surface tension'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level general relativity knowledge. Use when working with curved spacetime, Einstein field equations, geodesics, black holes, gravitational waves, cosmology, Schwarzschild metric, or tensor calculus. Also use when the user mentions 'Einstein field equations', 'curved spacetime', 'geodesic', 'black hole', 'event horizon', 'Schwarzschild', 'gravitational waves', 'spacetime curvature', 'Riemann tensor', 'metric tensor', 'cosmological constant', or 'gravitational lensing'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level linear algebra knowledge. Use when working with vectors, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues, linear transformations, vector spaces, inner products, decompositions, or applications in machine learning and physics. Also use when the user mentions 'matrix', 'determinant', 'eigenvalue', 'eigenvector', 'linear transformation', 'vector space', 'basis', 'orthogonality', 'SVD', 'PCA', 'least squares', 'null space', or 'rank'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level optimization knowledge. Use when working with linear programming, convex optimization, nonlinear programming, integer programming, dynamic programming, gradient methods, duality theory, or optimization algorithms. Also use when the user mentions 'linear programming', 'simplex method', 'convex optimization', 'Lagrangian', 'KKT conditions', 'gradient descent', 'Newton method', 'integer programming', 'dynamic programming', 'duality', 'Bellman equation', or 'branch and bound'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level optics knowledge. Use when working with geometric optics, wave optics, interference, diffraction, polarization, lasers, fiber optics, optical instruments, or photonics. Also use when the user mentions 'reflection', 'refraction', 'Snell law', 'lens', 'mirror', 'interference', 'diffraction', 'polarization', 'laser', 'fiber optic', 'holography', 'aberration', or 'optical instrument'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level numerical methods knowledge. Use when working with root finding, numerical integration, numerical differentiation, interpolation, numerical linear algebra, ODEs, PDEs, or optimization algorithms. Also use when the user mentions 'Newton method', 'bisection', 'Runge-Kutta', 'finite difference', 'finite element', 'interpolation', 'numerical integration', 'quadrature', 'iterative solvers', 'condition number', 'round-off error', or 'truncation error'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level mathematical logic knowledge. Use when working with propositional logic, first-order logic, proof theory, model theory, computability theory, Godel incompleteness theorems, set theory, type theory, or formal verification. Also use when the user mentions 'formal proof', 'Godel', 'incompleteness', 'Turing machine', 'decidability', 'Zermelo-Fraenkel', 'axiom of choice', 'model theory', 'completeness theorem', 'computability', 'formal language', or 'type theory'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level graph theory knowledge. Use when working with graph algorithms, network flows, matching, graph coloring, planar graphs, spectral graph theory, random graphs, or graph applications in computer science and networks. Also use when the user mentions 'shortest path', 'minimum spanning tree', 'network flow', 'bipartite matching', 'graph coloring', 'clique', 'independent set', 'vertex cover', 'planarity', 'graph isomorphism', 'adjacency matrix', or 'Laplacian'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level ecology covering population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, food webs, energy flow, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and conservation biology.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level probability theory knowledge. Use when working with probability spaces, random variables, distributions, expectation, variance, conditional probability, stochastic processes, Markov chains, martingales, or measure-theoretic probability. Also use when the user mentions 'sample space', 'random variable', 'expected value', 'variance', 'conditional probability', 'independence', 'Markov chain', 'Poisson process', 'moment generating function', 'law of large numbers', 'central limit theorem', or 'stochastic process'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Expert-level electromagnetism knowledge. Use when working with electric fields, magnetic fields, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves, circuits, Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, Faraday's law, Ampere's law, or electromagnetic induction. Also use when the user mentions 'electric field', 'magnetic field', 'Maxwell', 'Gauss law', 'Faraday', 'Ampere', 'capacitor', 'inductor', 'electromagnetic wave', 'Lorentz force', 'Poynting vector', or 'dielectric'.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.