Verilog Synthesizer

Overview

This guide defines the workflow for running Vivado out-of-context (OOC) synthesis on a single module or a full IP hierarchy and producing a structured synthesis report.

The input is a module or IP name. The outputs are:

1. A Vivado TCL synthesis script in synth/<module>/
2. Raw Vivado report files (utilization, timing, power)
3. A structured synthesis report synth/<module>/synth_report.md

Prerequisites

Tool	Purpose	Check
Vivado	Synthesis, optimization, and reporting	vivado -version

Before running synthesis, verify Vivado is installed using the check command above. If it is missing, stop and report that Vivado is unavailable — never fabricate utilization, timing, power, or Fmax results. Steps 1–4 (scope, filelist, script generation) can still be done without the tool, but Steps 5–7 must not be reported as completed unless synthesis actually ran. (When invoked under vflow, this surfaces as ✗ BLOCKED (tool unavailable: vivado) for the Synthesis phase.)

Arguments

The skill takes a module or IP name. Optional overrides may follow as key=value pairs:

• part=<vivado_part> — target device (default xczu7ev-ffvc1156-2-e)
• period=<ns> — clock constraint period in ns (default 2.800)

Example: vsynth foo_top part=xc7a100t-csg324-1 period=5.0. When no overrides are given, use the defaults in Step 4.

Before You Start — Re-run Safety

Check whether synth/<module>/synth_report.md already exists:

State	Detect	Action
First run	no synth/<module>/synth_report.md	Generate the script and run synthesis normally.
Already synthesized	report exists	Do not silently re-synthesize. Re-run only if the user explicitly asks, an argument override changed (part/period), or an RTL source in the hierarchy is newer than the report (find <sources> -newer synth/<module>/synth_report.md). Otherwise report the existing result and stop. When you do re-run, overwrite the prior outputs in place rather than accumulating stale files.

Step 1 - Identify Synthesis Scope

Determine whether the target is a single module or a full IP:

• Single module: the named module has no submodules in ./rtl/. Its only dependencies are library modules from ./lib/.
• Full IP: the named module instantiates other modules from ./rtl/. Traverse the full hierarchy.

Read the module documentation from ./doc/<module>.md or ./lib/<module>/<module>.md to understand the hierarchy. Then read the top-level Verilog file to extract the port list and identify instantiated submodules.

Step 2 - Build Source Filelist

Collect all required Verilog files by walking the instantiation hierarchy from the top module, following the shared procedure in .claude/skills/shared/HierarchyFilelist.md.

Record the complete filelist. Express all paths relative to synth/<module>/ using ../../ prefixes.

Example:

• ./rtl/foo_top.v → ../../rtl/foo_top.v
• ./lib/fifo/fifo.v → ../../lib/fifo/fifo.v

Split the list into two groups for the script:

• Design files — the top module and project RTL from ./rtl/. Read these with plain read_verilog so they are always elaborated.
• Library files — reusable modules from ./lib/. Read these with read_verilog -v (Vivado treats -v files as on-demand library files, elaborated only when referenced). Do not list the top module under -v — a -v file is pulled in only if instantiated, which makes the top resolution fragile.

If the whole target is a single library module (no ./rtl/ design files), read it as a design file with plain read_verilog.

Step 3 - Detect Clock Ports

Scan the top-level module port list for clock signals (ports named clk or matching *_clk).

• One clock found: use it for the timing constraint.
• Multiple clocks found: ask the user which one is the primary constraint clock. Apply create_clock to each clock port at the same period.
• No clock found: the module is combinational — skip create_clock and report_timing_summary in Step 4. Skip the Timing Summary section in Step 7.

Step 4 - Generate Synthesis Script

Create the output directory synth/<module>/ and write synth/<module>/vsynth.tcl.

Default parameters (override with user-provided arguments if given):

• Part: xczu7ev-ffvc1156-2-e
• Clock period: 2.800 ns

TCL script template:

# vsynth.tcl — generated by vsynth
# Module : <module>
# Part   : <part>
# Clock  : <period> ns

# ── Sources ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Design files (./rtl/) — always elaborated
read_verilog [list \
    <rel_path_design1> \
    <rel_path_design2> \
]
# Library files (./lib/) — on-demand library elaboration
read_verilog -v [list \
    <rel_path_lib1> \
    <rel_path_lib2> \
]

# ── Synthesis ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
synth_design -top <top_module> -part <part> -mode out_of_context

# ── Timing constraints ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
create_clock -period <period> -name <clock_name> [get_ports <clock_port>]

# ── Optimization ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
opt_design

# ── Reports ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
report_utilization    -file utilization.rpt    -hierarchical
report_timing_summary -file timing_summary.rpt -max_paths 100 -warn_on_violation
report_power          -file power.rpt

For combinational modules (no clock), omit the create_clock block and the report_timing_summary command. When the hierarchy has no ./lib/ modules, omit the read_verilog -v block.

Step 5 - Run Synthesis

Run Vivado in batch mode from inside synth/<module>/:

cd synth/<module>
vivado -mode batch -nolog -nojournal -source vsynth.tcl 2>&1 | tee vivado_run.log

Review vivado_run.log with grep rather than reading it whole — this keeps the counts accurate and the context small:

• Errors: stop the flow if any error is present.

  grep -E '^(ERROR|CRITICAL WARNING):' vivado_run.log
  

  If this matches, stop. Fix the TCL script or filelist, then re-run. Do not proceed to Step 6 with a failed run.

• Warnings: get the total count and a by-code summary; do not abort on warnings unless they invalidate results.

  grep -cE '^WARNING:' vivado_run.log                                   # total
  grep -E  '^WARNING:' vivado_run.log \
    | grep -oE '\[[A-Za-z]+ [0-9]+-[0-9]+\]' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn  # by code
  

  Put the by-code table and the total in the report's Synthesis Warnings section. Then quote the actual lines for inference-related codes (latch inferred, multi-driven net, unconnected/undriven port), e.g.:

  grep -E '^WARNING:.*\[Synth 8-327\]' vivado_run.log   # inferred latch
  

Step 6 - Parse Reports and Compute Fmax

After a successful run, parse the three report files.

Utilization — utilization.rpt

Locate the first utilization summary table ("Slice Logic", "Block RAM / FIFO", "DSP"). Extract:

Resource	Used	Available	Utilization %
LUT
FF
BRAM
DSP

Timing — timing_summary.rpt

Locate the "Design Timing Summary" section. Extract WNS and TNS values.

Compute Fmax using the constraint clock period and the WNS:

Fmax (MHz) = 1000.0 / (clock_period_ns - WNS_ns)

Where WNS_ns is negative when timing is violated. Report timing status as PASS if WNS ≥ 0, FAIL otherwise.

This Fmax reflects only the named constraint clock's critical path. If the design has multiple clocks (Step 3), note in the report that Fmax applies to the constrained clock and that other clock domains are not bounded by this number.

Power — power.rpt

Extract total on-chip power broken into Dynamic and Static components (mW or W; normalize to mW).

Step 7 - Write Synthesis Report

Write synth/<module>/synth_report.md using the template below.

# Synthesis Report: <module>

## Configuration

| Field            | Value                    |
|------------------|--------------------------|
| Scope            | Single module / Full IP (<N> submodules) |
| Target Part      | <part>                   |
| Clock Constraint | <period> ns (<freq> MHz) |
| Synthesis Mode   | Out-of-Context           |
| Date             | <date> (current date)    |

## Resource Utilization

| Resource | Used | Available | Utilization |
|----------|------|-----------|-------------|
| LUT      |      |           | %           |
| FF       |      |           | %           |
| BRAM     |      |           | %           |
| DSP      |      |           | %           |

## Timing Summary

| Metric       | Value     |
|--------------|-----------|
| Clock Period | <period> ns |
| WNS          | <wns> ns  |
| TNS          | <tns> ns  |
| **Fmax**     | **<fmax> MHz** |
| Status       | PASS / FAIL |

## Power Estimate

| Domain      | Power  |
|-------------|--------|
| Dynamic     | mW     |
| Static      | mW     |
| **Total**   | **mW** |

## Synthesis Warnings

Total: <N> warnings (or "None" if clean).

By message code:

| Count | Code | Meaning |
|-------|------|---------|
|       |      |         |

Notable inference warnings (quote the actual lines, or "None"):

<latch-inferred / multi-driven / unconnected-port lines, or "None">

For combinational modules, omit the Timing Summary section entirely.

Known Issues and Fixes

This section records issues encountered when running this skill and how they were resolved.

<!-- Add entries below as issues are discovered. Format: ### [Tool] - <short issue title> **Symptom:** what was observed **Cause:** root cause **Fix:** what was done to resolve it -->