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Corrects the gene-independent copy-number artifact in CRISPR-Cas9 screens (Aguirre 2016 / Munoz 2016 Cancer Discov) where amplified loci appear essential from DNA-damage burden of simultaneous cuts. Covers the p53-dependent G2-arrest mechanism, CRISPRcleanR (Iorio 2018) unsupervised pre-hoc correction, CERES (Meyers 2017) joint CN + gene-effect model, Chronos (Dempster 2021) DepMap-standard population-dynamics + CN model with lowest residual bias, the decision tree by data availability, the Spearman LFC-vs-CN diagnostic, focal-amplification examples (ERBB2 in HER2+, MYC in colorectal, FGFR1 in head and neck), and CRISPRi/a alternatives that bypass the artifact. Use when screening cancer cell lines, diagnosing essentiality at amplified loci, choosing CRISPRcleanR / CERES / Chronos, deciding whether CN correction is needed before MAGeCK / BAGEL2 / drugZ, or switching from Cas9 to CRISPRi.

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Process Hi-C read pairs using pairtools. Parse alignments, filter duplicates, classify pairs, and generate contact statistics from Hi-C sequencing data. Use when processing raw Hi-C read pairs.

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Designs covalent inhibitors and warheads targeting cysteine (most common, 98% of covalent drugs), lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and aspartate residues, with explicit handling of warhead reactivity (acrylamide, chloroacetamide, vinyl sulfone, sulfonyl fluoride, fluorosulfate, aldehyde, boronate, nitrile), reversibility (kinact/Ki, t_residence), glutathione (GSH) stability, intrinsic reactivity assays, and covalent docking (DOCKovalent, GOLD, HCovDock). Use when designing covalent inhibitors for targeted covalent inhibition (TCI), KRAS G12C-style approaches, or rationalizing covalent SAR.

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Analyzes CUT&RUN (Skene Henikoff 2017) and CUT&Tag (Kaya-Okur 2019) chromatin profiling data. Handles SEACR vs MACS2 peak calling (with the btaf375 2025 benchmark guidance), pA-MNase vs pA-Tn5 vs pAG-Tn5 chimera differences, E. coli spike-in carryover normalization, IgG-only control logic (no input), characteristic fragment-size signatures (25-75 bp for CUT&Tag), and lower depth requirements (5M reads typical vs 25M for ChIP). Use when calling peaks from CUT&RUN/CUT&Tag, scaling by E. coli spike-in carryover, choosing SEACR norm mode, or comparing CUT&RUN/Tag results to traditional ChIP.

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Detects somatic mutations in circulating tumor DNA using variant callers optimized for low allele fractions with UMI-based error suppression. Reliably detects mutations at VAF above 0.5 percent using consensus-based approaches. Use when identifying tumor mutations from plasma DNA or tracking specific variants.

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Quantifies CRISPR editing outcomes with CRISPResso2 (Clement 2019 Nat Biotechnol) across Cas9-nuclease (indels, HDR), CBE and ABE base editors (target conversion + bystander), and prime editor (pegRNA-templated) modes. Covers single-amplicon (CRISPResso), multi-sample batch (CRISPRessoBatch), pooled-amplicon (CRISPRessoPooled), WGS off-target (CRISPRessoWGS), and sample-comparison (CRISPRessoCompare) workflows; quantification-window math that controls what is called edited; substitution-vs-indel diagnostic to distinguish BE from Cas9 contamination; MMEJ deletion pattern interpretation; allele-frequency tables; and failure modes from amplicon misalignment or contamination. Use when quantifying editing from amplicon sequencing, choosing CRISPResso mode by design, distinguishing intended edits from bystanders and indel byproducts, debugging low-alignment runs, or generating publication-grade editing reports.

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Preprocessing and harmonization of multi-omics data before integration. Covers normalization, batch correction, feature alignment, and missing value handling across data types. Use when preparing multi-omics datasets for integration analysis.

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Build tissue and condition-specific metabolic models using GIMME, iMAT, and INIT algorithms with expression data constraints. Create models that reflect cell-type specific metabolism. Use when building tissue-specific metabolic models or integrating transcriptomics with FBA.

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Comprehensive quality control for flow cytometry and CyTOF data. Covers flow rate stability, signal drift, margin events, dead cell exclusion, and batch QC. Use when assessing acquisition quality or identifying problematic samples before analysis.

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End-to-end flow cytometry workflow from FCS files to differential analysis. Orchestrates compensation, transformation, gating/clustering, and statistical testing with CATALYST/diffcyt. Use when processing flow or mass cytometry data end-to-end.

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End-to-end CRISPR experiment design from target selection to delivery-ready constructs. Covers guide RNA design, off-target assessment, and specialized editing strategies including knockouts, base editing, and HDR knockins. Use when designing complete CRISPR editing experiments for gene knockout, correction, or tagging.

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Identifies differentially bound ChIP-seq regions between conditions using DiffBind, csaw (sliding windows), DESeq2/edgeR/PyDESeq2 on count matrices, NormR (control-aware), or MAnorm2. Distinguishes three distinct normalization problems (composition bias, trended bias, global shifts) and matches each to its appropriate fix including spike-in scaling. Use when comparing ChIP-seq binding between experimental conditions, choosing normalization for global vs local changes, integrating spike-in data, or reconciling DiffBind/DESeq2 disagreement.

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Load and preprocess imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and MIBI data. Covers MCD/TIFF handling, hot pixel removal, and image normalization. Use when starting IMC analysis from raw MCD files or preparing images for segmentation.

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Generates 3D conformer ensembles using RDKit ETKDGv3 with knowledge-enhanced distance geometry, MMFF94/UFF force-field optimization, CREST + GFN2-xTB semi-empirical refinement, and macrocycle-aware torsion preferences. Provides explicit decision rules for single vs ensemble conformer use, RMSD pruning, energy windows, conformer count, and force-field choice. Use when preparing 3D ligands for docking, generating descriptor input for 3D QSAR, or sampling macrocycle/peptide conformational ensembles.

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Build a differential-ready consensus peakset from per-replicate ATAC-seq peaks using iterative overlap removal, fixed-width re-centering, and majority-rule overlap. Use when generating a stable peak coordinate system for downstream differential accessibility, ML feature engineering, cross-sample comparison, or fixed-width peak counts; covers Corces 2018 iterative overlap (501 bp), DiffBind summit re-centering, and ENCODE consistency rules.

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Read and write compressed sequence files (gzip, bzip2, BGZF) using Biopython. Use when working with .gz or .bz2 sequence files. Use BGZF for indexable compressed files.

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Detects differential alternative splicing between conditions using rMATS-turbo (binomial LRT on junction counts), leafcutter (Dirichlet-multinomial GLM on intron clusters), MAJIQ V3 deltapsi/HET (Bayesian posterior on LSVs), SUPPA2 (empirical-null on TPM-derived PSI), or Shiba (junction-imbalance-corrected, 2025 SOTA at low coverage). Reports FDR-corrected significance and delta PSI effect sizes. Tools differ in statistical model, annotation dependence, calibration regime, and replicate-count requirements. Use when comparing splicing patterns between treatment groups, tissues, or disease states.

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Plot per-group distributions of continuous data using boxplots, violins, beeswarms, quasirandom jitter, and raincloud plots with sample-size honesty (Weissgerber 2015), KDE-bandwidth awareness, and N-aware encoding choices. Use when comparing distributions across a small number of groups — expression per cluster, biomarker per arm, scores per condition — and the bar-of-mean default is misleading.

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Per-CpG differential methylation testing from bisulfite sequencing count data or beta-value matrices. Covers beta and M-value computation, coverage filtering, statistical tests (Welch t-test, Mann-Whitney, limma, DSS beta-binomial), multiple testing correction, and effect size calculation. Use when comparing methylation at individual CpG sites between experimental groups from WGBS, RRBS, or targeted bisulfite sequencing.

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Identify differentially bound regions across CLIP-seq conditions (knockdown vs control, treatment vs vehicle, disease vs healthy) using DEWSeq (sliding-window DESeq2), Flipper (Skipper-downstream), ASpeak, edgeR, or limma-voom. Use when computing condition-level changes in RBP binding intensity, choosing peak-level vs window-level vs crosslink-level testing, designing replicate experiments, or distinguishing biological binding shifts from technical confounders.

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Compare gene regulatory and co-expression networks between biological conditions to identify rewired regulatory relationships using DiffCorr. Detects gained, lost, and reversed gene-gene correlations between conditions. Use when comparing co-expression networks between disease vs control, treatment conditions, or developmental stages.

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Compute evolutionary distances and build phylogenetic trees using Biopython Bio.Phylo.TreeConstruction. Use when creating distance matrices from alignments, building NJ/UPGMA trees, generating bootstrap consensus, or needing quick exploratory phylogenies before running full ML analysis.

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Estimate divergence times using molecular clock models with BEAST2, MCMCTree, and TreePL. Use when dating speciation events, calibrating phylogenies with fossils, choosing between strict and relaxed clock models, or estimating evolutionary rates across lineages.

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Visualize differential expression results using DESeq2/edgeR built-in functions. Covers plotMA, plotDispEsts, plotCounts, plotBCV, sample distance heatmaps, and p-value histograms. Use when visualizing differential expression results.

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