Monorepo Architect (Turborepo 2.x / Moon Edition)

English | Bahasa Indonesia

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English

Orchestration & Integration

• Upstream & Project Topology: zero-to-prod-orchestrator (Phase 2 project foundation), brainstorming, session-memory-manager.
• AST & Codebase Intelligence: living-codebase-ast-graph (cross-package dependency topology & DAG sorting), typescript-expert (composite projects & isolated declarations).
• CI/CD & Deployment: ci-cd-devops-architect (monorepo cache pipelines), github-actions-expert (matrix testing & sparse checkout), cloud-hosting-expert (multi-app deployments).
• Shared Design & Components: design-system-architect (shared packages/ui tokens), senior-frontend / js-backend-expert (shared packages consumption).

Description

Expert guide for designing and managing scalable monorepos. Covers Turborepo 2.x (the 2026 standard for JS/TS monorepos), moon (polyglot task runner for teams mixing JS + Rust + Go), pnpm workspaces, shared package design, incremental builds, remote caching, and CI/CD pipeline optimization.

Trigger Conditions

• Managing a codebase with multiple apps and shared packages.
• Setting up a monorepo for a SaaS with separate web, admin, api, and packages.
• Optimizing build and test times with remote caching.
• Sharing TypeScript types, UI components, or utility functions across apps.
• Migrating from a multi-repo setup to a monorepo.

Tool Selection Guide (2026)

Tool	Best For	Language Agnostic
Turborepo 2.x	JS/TS monorepos (Next.js, Vite, Node)	❌ (JS focused)
moon	Polyglot teams (JS + Go + Rust + Python)	✅
Nx	Enterprise, Angular/React, plugin ecosystem	❌ (JS focused)
Bazel	Very large orgs, hermetic builds	✅

Turborepo 2.x — Standard JS Monorepo

Repository Structure

my-saas/
├── apps/
│   ├── web/          # Next.js 15 main app
│   ├── admin/        # Next.js 15 super admin (subdomain)
│   └── api/          # Hono/Fastify backend
├── packages/
│   ├── ui/           # Shared Tailwind v4 components
│   ├── db/           # Drizzle ORM schema + queries
│   ├── auth/         # Auth utilities (session, JWT)
│   ├── email/        # Email templates (React Email)
│   └── tsconfig/     # Shared TypeScript configs
├── turbo.json
├── pnpm-workspace.yaml
└── package.json

turbo.json (v2 Syntax)

{
  "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
  "ui": "tui",
  "tasks": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["$TURBO_DEFAULT$", ".env*"],
      "outputs": [".next/**", "!.next/cache/**", "dist/**"]
    },
    "dev": {
      "cache": false,
      "persistent": true
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["src/**", "test/**", "vitest.config.*"]
    },
    "lint": {
      "inputs": ["src/**", "*.config.*", ".eslintrc*"]
    },
    "typecheck": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"]
    },
    "db:generate": {
      "cache": false
    }
  }
}

pnpm-workspace.yaml

packages:
  - "apps/*"
  - "packages/*"

Remote Caching (Vercel Remote Cache)

# Authenticate with Vercel Remote Cache
npx turbo login
npx turbo link

# Or self-hosted with Turborepo Remote Cache
TURBO_TEAM=my-team TURBO_TOKEN=xxx turbo build

Shared UI Package (packages/ui)

// packages/ui/package.json
{
  "name": "@myapp/ui",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "exports": {
    "./button": {
      "import": "./src/button.tsx",
      "types": "./src/button.tsx"
    },
    "./card": {
      "import": "./src/card.tsx",
      "types": "./src/card.tsx"
    }
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "react": "^19.0.0",
    "react-dom": "^19.0.0"
  }
}

Internal Package Pattern (No Build Step)

Use "exports" pointing to source files directly — Turborepo compiles them as part of the consuming app:

// packages/db/package.json
{
  "name": "@myapp/db",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./src/index.ts",
      "types": "./src/index.ts"
    }
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "drizzle-orm": "latest",
    "drizzle-kit": "latest"
  }
}

moon — Polyglot Task Runner

For teams mixing JavaScript, Go, Rust, and Python in one repo:

# .moon/workspace.yml
projects:
  - "apps/*"
  - "packages/*"
  - "services/*"   # Go/Rust microservices

vcs:
  manager: "git"
  defaultBranch: "main"

# apps/api/moon.yml (Go service)
language: "go"
type: "application"

tasks:
  build:
    command: "go build -o ./bin/api ./cmd/api"
    inputs: ["src/**/*.go", "go.mod"]
    outputs: ["bin/api"]
  test:
    command: "go test ./..."

CI/CD Optimization

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
- name: Build & Test (Turborepo)
  run: |
    npx turbo run build test lint typecheck \
      --filter="...[origin/main]" \  # Only changed packages
      --cache-dir=".turbo"
  env:
    TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }}
    TURBO_TEAM: ${{ vars.TURBO_TEAM }}

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Bahasa Indonesia

Integrasi Orkestrasi

• Hulu & Topologi Proyek: zero-to-prod-orchestrator (Pondasi proyek Fase 2), brainstorming, session-memory-manager.
• AST & Inteligensi Basis Kode: living-codebase-ast-graph (topologi dependensi lintas paket & DAG sorting), typescript-expert (composite project & isolated declarations).
• CI/CD & Deployment: ci-cd-devops-architect (pipeline cache monorepo), github-actions-expert (pengujian matriks & sparse checkout), cloud-hosting-expert (deployment multi-aplikasi).
• Desain Bersama & Komponen: design-system-architect (token shared packages/ui), senior-frontend / js-backend-expert (konsumsi paket bersama).

Deskripsi

Panduan ahli untuk merancang dan mengelola monorepo yang skalabel. Mencakup Turborepo 2.x (standar 2026 untuk monorepo JS/TS), moon (task runner poliglot untuk tim yang memadukan JS + Rust + Go), pnpm workspaces, desain shared package, incremental build, remote caching, dan optimasi pipeline CI/CD.

Kondisi Pemicu

• Mengelola codebase dengan banyak aplikasi dan shared package.
• Menyiapkan monorepo untuk SaaS dengan web, admin, api, dan packages terpisah.
• Mengoptimalkan waktu build dan test dengan remote caching.
• Berbagi TypeScript types, komponen UI, atau utilitas antar aplikasi.
• Migrasi dari multi-repo ke monorepo.

Panduan Pemilihan Tool (2026)

• Turborepo 2.x: Standar untuk monorepo JS/TS — cepat, zero-config, remote cache bawaan.
• moon: Untuk tim poliglot yang memadukan JS, Go, Rust, Python dalam satu repo.
• Nx: Untuk enterprise dengan ekosistem plugin yang kaya.

Struktur Repositori

Pisahkan apps/ (aplikasi yang dapat di-deploy) dari packages/ (shared library internal):

• apps/web — Next.js utama
• apps/admin — Dashboard Super Admin (subdomain terpisah)
• apps/api — Backend API
• packages/ui — Komponen UI bersama (Tailwind v4)
• packages/db — Skema Drizzle ORM + query
• packages/auth — Utilitas auth

Turborepo 2.x — Sintaksis Baru

Turborepo 2.x memperkenalkan TUI interaktif ("ui": "tui"), sintaksis tasks yang lebih ekspresif, dan caching yang lebih granular dengan inputs/outputs.

Pola Internal Package (Tanpa Build Step)

Arahkan exports langsung ke file sumber TypeScript — Turborepo mengkompilasi sebagai bagian dari aplikasi yang mengonsumsinya. Ini menghilangkan kebutuhan langkah build terpisah untuk setiap package.

moon — Task Runner Poliglot

Moon mendukung proyek dalam bahasa yang berbeda (Go, Rust, JS) dalam satu workspace, masing-masing dengan konfigurasi moon.yml-nya sendiri.

Optimasi CI/CD

Gunakan flag --filter="...[origin/main]" Turborepo untuk hanya membangun dan menguji package yang berubah sejak commit terakhir. Gunakan remote cache Vercel atau self-hosted untuk berbagi cache antar runner CI.