Mahipal

Review Cuckoo or AnyRun behavior reports for signs that malware is avoiding an analysis environment. Identify timing checks, virtual machine detection, and user activity checks, then produce a JSON report with evidence, technique mappings, and an evasion sophistication score.

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• Investigating malware that stays inactive in a sandbox
• Reviewing behavior reports for analysis evasion
• Developing detections for anti-analysis behavior

Compare evidence from cyber operations to assess which attacker may be responsible. Weigh shared infrastructure, attack methods, malware similarities, timing, and language clues against competing explanations, then report attribution findings with justified confidence levels.

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• Assessing possible attackers during an incident investigation
• Comparing infrastructure and attack methods across campaigns
• Evaluating conflicting evidence against multiple hypotheses

Inspect suspicious PDFs without opening them in a document viewer. Use peepdf, pdfid, and pdf-parser to examine internal objects, extract embedded code and files, and report threat indicators such as URLs and hashes.

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• Triaging suspicious PDF email attachments
• Investigating PDF exploit documents
• Extracting embedded JavaScript and files

Examine Windows shortcuts and Jump Lists, records of recently used files, to reconstruct user activity. Extract paths, timestamps, and device details with LECmd and JLECmd, including traces that remain after target files are deleted.

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• Reconstructing file access and program execution timelines
• Investigating access to files that have been deleted
• Examining traces of removable media use

Review Active Directory permissions with ldap3, a Python library for directory queries. Identify excessive access granted to non-administrative accounts, explain potential privilege escalation paths, and produce a JSON report with affected objects and remediation recommendations.

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• Auditing excessive Active Directory permissions
• Investigating privilege escalation paths from ordinary accounts
• Reporting affected objects and permission remediation recommendations

Investigate suspicious Azure activity by querying administrative and sign-in logs. Create KQL queries, Azure's log search language, to examine role assignments, resource changes, unusual access, and other signals for cloud security monitoring.

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• Investigate suspicious administrative activity in Azure
• Check newly added administrator roles
• Review resource and network security rule changes

Assess exposure of Windows secrets protected by DPAPI, the operating system’s data protection service, during authorized security tests. Guide examination and decryption of saved credentials and browser data using available user sessions, credentials, or backup keys.

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• Assessing saved credential exposure in authorized tests
• Examining collected DPAPI files offline
• Reviewing protected browser and RDP credentials

Investigate suspicious IP addresses, domains, URLs, file hashes, and email artifacts using multiple threat intelligence sources. Assess confidence that each indicator is malicious, check links to known campaigns, and document evidence for blocking, monitoring, or allowing it.

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• Triaging indicators from phishing emails
• Investigating suspicious IP addresses and URLs in alerts
• Assessing bulk indicators before adding them to blocklists

Investigate suspicious URLs with URLScan.io by reviewing screenshots, redirects, page content, and network requests. Extract domains, IP addresses, and file hashes as indicators of compromise, then compare findings with threat intelligence sources.

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• Investigating suspicious links in emails
• Checking pages for brand impersonation and credential forms
• Tracing redirects and extracting domains, IPs, and hashes

Observe malware in an isolated Cuckoo Sandbox environment and review its processes, network traffic, and system changes. Use the findings to trace infection stages, identify persistence mechanisms, and extract indicators of compromise for behavioral reports.

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• Investigating suspicious files after static analysis
• Tracing multi-stage infections and persistence mechanisms
• Extracting indicators of compromise from observed behavior

Investigate Office 365 account compromise by reviewing audit logs, email forwarding rules, mailbox permissions, and application access grants. Produce a JSON report with risk scores and a timeline showing suspicious activity and affected mailboxes.

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• Investigating suspicious email forwarding
• Reviewing mailbox delegation changes
• Checking suspicious application access grants

Analyze NetFlow v9 and IPFIX records, which summarize network connections, to spot traffic spikes, scanning, unusual outbound transfers, and periodic connections. Compare traffic against normal patterns and produce a prioritized findings report.

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• Investigating sudden increases in network traffic
• Checking unusual outbound transfers for possible data theft
• Finding periodic connections to external control servers

Prepare for CMMC Level 2, a cybersecurity certification for defense contractors. Define the systems handling controlled information, review security requirements, calculate the SPRS assessment score, and organize remediation plans and evidence into a readiness report.

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• Define the assessment scope for systems handling controlled information
• Calculate an SPRS score and prioritize unmet security requirements
• Prepare security plans, remediation milestones, and assessment evidence

Use Scapy, a Python library for working with network packets, to inspect saved captures or authorized live traffic. Summarize protocols and connections, identify suspicious patterns, craft test packets, and export findings as structured JSON reports.

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• Investigating saved network captures
• Summarizing traffic volumes, protocols, and connection endpoints
• Checking for SYN floods and DNS data leakage indicators

Analyze malware communication with command servers to understand periodic check-ins, message formats, encoded data, and backup destinations. Produces a structured analysis report and network detection rules based on captured traffic and malware code.

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• Investigating malware communication in captured traffic
• Measuring periodic check-in intervals and timing variation
• Mapping command servers and backup destinations

Analyze Kubernetes API server audit logs to identify pod access, secret reads, permission changes, privileged pods, and anonymous requests. Use the event patterns to reconstruct suspicious activity and develop detection rules for security monitoring systems.

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• Tracing API activity during a suspected cluster compromise
• Reviewing access to Kubernetes secrets
• Investigating permission changes and privileged pods

Analyze Chrome, Edge, and other Chromium browser profiles with Hindsight to reconstruct web activity. Combine browsing history, downloads, cookies, and other stored records into a chronological timeline, with XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output for investigation.

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• Reconstructing browsing activity during incident response
• Checking download times and source URLs
• Comparing cookies and history in insider threat investigations

Investigate captured network traffic and connection records with Wireshark, Zeek, and NetFlow analysis. Identify communications with attacker infrastructure, trace movement between internal systems, estimate data transfers, and produce findings linked to packet evidence and timestamps.

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• Investigating suspicious periodic connections
• Measuring the volume and destination of data transfers
• Tracing attacker movement between internal systems

Analyze malware network captures to investigate command-and-control traffic, data theft, and downloaded files. Use packet analysis tools to identify suspicious destinations and recurring connections, extract artifacts, and create detection rules from observed patterns.

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• Analyzing malware sandbox network captures
• Investigating command-and-control traffic
• Tracing data theft and file downloads

Monitor public certificate issuance records to find suspected phishing domains, brand lookalikes, and unauthorized certificates. Use crt.sh for historical searches and Certstream for live alerts, then summarize suspicious findings and detection reasons in a report.

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• Monitor domains that resemble a company brand
• Investigate certificate issuance history
• Discover subdomains in public certificate records

Analyze access logs from AWS API Gateway, Kong, and Nginx with pandas, a Python data analysis library. Examine resource access patterns, authentication failures, and suspicious requests to investigate API abuse and inform detection rules.

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• Investigating sequential access to resource IDs
• Examining spikes in authentication failures
• Checking for rate limit bypass and injection attempts

Examine Linux authentication logs, shell history, SSH keys, scheduled tasks, and system settings to investigate a compromise. Help reconstruct activity, identify ways attackers maintain access, and document suspicious accounts, files, and configuration changes.

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• Investigating a potentially compromised Linux server
• Finding mechanisms that maintain unauthorized access
• Tracing user activity through logs and command history

Analyze suspicious Linux ELF executables through file inspection, runtime tracing, and reverse engineering. Identify malware behavior, network destinations, and persistence mechanisms, then organize findings and indicators for investigations involving servers, containers, or cloud infrastructure.

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• Triaging suspicious executables on Linux servers
• Investigating suspected cryptominers
• Analyzing malware found in containers

Investigate compromised Docker containers by preserving evidence and examining image layers, logs, file changes, and host settings. Summarize suspicious activity, security configuration issues, and vulnerability findings to support incident response.

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• Investigating a compromised application container
• Examining a suspicious image from a registry
• Checking evidence of a container escape attempt