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Create, modify, debug, or review Windows Forms applications only when the request contains a concrete Windows Forms marker. USE FOR: WinForms, Windows Forms, System.Windows.Forms, WinForms Form or UserControl designer files (*.Designer.cs or *.Designer.vb), Visual Studio WinForms Designer, TableLayoutPanel, BindingSource, DataGridView, Control.InvokeAsync, component-tray ownership, or custom control serialization. DO NOT USE FOR: WPF or WPF XAML, including Window.InputBindings, KeyBinding, commands, or DataContext; .NET MAUI; Avalonia; or any request where none of the listed Windows Forms markers is present.

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Use this skill before answering or editing whenever an MSTest v1/v2 project is being upgraded or repaired for v3. Triggers include QualityTools assembly references; MSTest.TestFramework/TestAdapter 1.x-2.x; "upgrade to MSTest v3"; comparing v1 and v2 migration paths; choosing MSTest or MSTest.Sdk; CS0411/CS1503 after a v3 package bump; DataRow type mismatch, MSTEST0014, or "Test data doesn't match method parameters"; .testsettings/LegacySettings to .runsettings; timeout changes; and net5.0 or other dropped v3 TFMs. Still use it when packages say 3.x but migration source errors or legacy settings remain. Preserve VSTest/MTP. Do not use for a clean v3 project, v3-to-v4, framework conversion, or runner-only migration.

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Use only for MSBuild failure investigation, build-performance analysis, or review of existing build XML/extension contracts. A plan to convert a working legacy/non-SDK project to SDK style or migrate packages.config is a project-system migration, NOT a build-file review: do not activate, even to check scope. Framework/API upgrades are also excluded. Activate for advisory Import/Exists hook and NuGet packed-import questions even without a checkout or failed build; .csproj/.fsproj/.vbproj/.props/.targets conditions; custom-target inputs/outputs; .binlog capture/replay; failing dotnet build/restore/pack/publish or MSBuild-based test builds; slow evaluation, compilation, copying, or no-change builds; and controlled timing comparisons. Exclude SDK installation alone, C# refactoring, runtime profiling, assertions after successful builds, and non-MSBuild builds.

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Use this skill before answering, planning, or editing any MSTest 3.x-to-4.x upgrade or post-upgrade failure. Triggers include "MSTest v4 breaking changes"; CS0507/CS0103/CS1061/CS1615; ExecuteAsync, CallerInfo, DisplayName, or custom TestMethodAttribute; ClassCleanupBehavior; ContainsKey; ThrowsExactly or ExpectedException; IsInstanceOfType out parameters; TestTimeout.Infinite; ManagedType; net6/net7 compatibility; TestCase.Id history; TestName in ClassInitialize; TreatDiscoveryWarningsAsErrors; discovery errors after a clean build; and MSTest.Sdk/MTP or vstest.console discovery changes. Do not use for v1/v2-to-v3 leftovers, framework conversion, runner-only migration, or a general .NET upgrade.

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Enable nullable reference types in a C# project and systematically resolve all warnings. USE FOR: adopting NRTs in existing codebases, file-by-file or project-wide migration, fixing CS8602/CS8618/CS86xx warnings, annotating APIs for nullability, cleaning up null-forgiving operators, upgrading dependencies with new nullable annotations. DO NOT USE FOR: projects already fully migrated with zero warnings (unless auditing suppressions), fixing a handful of nullable warnings in code that already has NRTs enabled, suppressing warnings without fixing them, C# 7.3 or earlier projects. INVOKES: Get-NullableReadiness.ps1 scanner script.

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Provides file paths to language-specific extension files for the code-testing pipeline. Read this reference-only catalog for extension guidance files (e.g., dotnet.md for .NET, cpp.md for C++). Agents and skills read its bundled files directly; do not invoke this catalog through the model's skill tool.

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ALWAYS USE when asked to migrate, replace, or make testable existing C# static calls with a named wrapper or built-in abstraction: DateTime.UtcNow/Now or DateTimeOffset.UtcNow to TimeProvider/IClock, File.* to IFileSystem or an existing store such as ITextFileStore, and Environment.* to an existing reader such as IEnvironmentReader. Covers scoped files/projects, constructor injection, replacing temp-file or process-environment tests with fakes, "already registered" abstractions, and static classes whose callers/signatures must stay unchanged. Preserves DateTimeKind and call count. DO NOT USE for finding statics (detect-static-dependencies), choosing/designing a new wrapper (generate-testability-wrappers), behavior tests with no chosen seam (testability-obstacle), or test-framework migration.

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Migrate a .NET 10 project or solution to .NET 11 and resolve all breaking changes. This is a MIGRATION skill — use it when upgrading from .NET 10 to .NET 11, NOT for writing new programs. USE FOR: upgrading TargetFramework from net10.0 to net11.0, fixing build errors after updating the .NET 11 SDK, resolving source-breaking and behavioral changes in .NET 11 runtime, C# 15 compiler, and EF Core 11, adapting to updated minimum hardware requirements (x86-64-v2, Arm64 LSE), and updating CI/CD pipelines and Dockerfiles for .NET 11. DO NOT USE FOR: .NET Framework migrations, upgrading from .NET 9 or earlier, greenfield .NET 11 projects, or cosmetic modernization unrelated to the upgrade. NOTE: .NET 11 is in preview. Covers breaking changes through Preview 3.

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DO NOT USE when the target already consumes an injected interface or built-in abstraction such as IFileSystem or TimeProvider, even if the request says "generate a wrapper"; no new wrapper is needed. Use only when C# source calls an ambient/static dependency and no injectable seam exists: first-time TimeProvider, IHttpClientFactory, or System.IO.Abstractions adoption; minimal Environment/Console/Process wrappers; IProcessRunner; DI registration; or an ambient seam that preserves a static API. Exclude static detection (detect-static-dependencies), migration to an existing/registered abstraction (migrate-static-to-wrapper), one blocked behavior plus deterministic tests (testability-obstacle), and general interface design.

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Migrate a .NET 8 project to .NET 9 and resolve all breaking changes. USE FOR: upgrading TargetFramework from net8.0 to net9.0, fixing build errors after updating the .NET 9 SDK, resolving behavioral changes in .NET 9 / C# 13 / ASP.NET Core 9 / EF Core 9, replacing BinaryFormatter (now always throws), resolving SYSLIB0054-SYSLIB0057, adapting to params span overload resolution, fixing C# 13 compiler changes, updating HttpClientFactory for SocketsHttpHandler, and resolving EF Core 9 migration/Cosmos DB changes. DO NOT USE FOR: .NET Framework migrations, upgrading from .NET 7 or earlier, greenfield .NET 9 projects, or cosmetic modernization unrelated to the upgrade.

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Canonical patterns for writing custom MSBuild targets. USE FOR: diagnosing and fixing custom target authoring anti-patterns; broken SDK target chains across files (e.g., Directory.Build.targets silently redefining SDK targets); targets that replace CompileDependsOn instead of extending it with $(CompileDependsOn); query targets returning stale results from Outputs vs Returns misuse; missing Inputs/Outputs causing unnecessary rebuilds; missing FileWrites registration. Covers DependsOnTargets vs BeforeTargets vs AfterTargets, the Build→CoreBuild three-level pattern, and the $(XxxDependsOn) chain-extension pattern. DO NOT USE FOR: incremental build tuning (use incremental-build), parallelization (use build-parallelism), general anti-patterns (use msbuild-antipatterns), non-MSBuild build systems.

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Find caller-visible production changes existing tests would miss through pseudo-mutation analysis; verify candidates or close gaps only when requested. Includes read-only per-test composition for grading. Polyglot. USE FOR: would tests catch a bug, behavioral blind spots, surviving mutations. DO NOT USE FOR: concrete fix/feature revision proof (test-value-evidence); suite taxonomy (test-tagging); .NET coverage, Cobertura, plateaus or coverage-backed priorities (coverage-analysis); named CRAP (crap-score); new suites (code-testing); assertion/smell audits; mutation tools.

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Install a .NET SDK locally for safe preview testing, specific-version pinning, or reproducible team setups — without modifying the system-wide installation. USE FOR: trying .NET previews safely, testing specific SDK versions, installing MAUI or other workloads on a preview, updating or replacing an existing local SDK, creating reproducible team/CI install scripts, configuring global.json paths. DO NOT USE FOR: system-wide SDK installs, .NET hosts older than 10, runtime-only installs, or projects not using SDK-style commands.

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Own MSBuild import and hook discovery. USE FOR: CustomBefore/CustomAfter hooks, ordered wildcard and NuGet auto-imports, control properties, build/buildTransitive packed layout, package ID and file-name matching, per-TFM forwarders, and tracing why assets or hooks are missing, broken, or replaced. An import guard remains in scope when it is one defect in a broader hook/import flow. DO NOT USE for a focused safety verdict on whether one specific Import needs Exists or is an intentionally unguarded package contract; use msbuild-antipatterns. NEVER INVOKE when imports and hook placement already work and the request is only target Inputs/Outputs, incremental skipping, or FileWrites clean tracking; use incremental-build or target-authoring. Exclude props-versus-targets placement and non-MSBuild systems.

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Diagnose MSBuild bottlenecks from binlog timelines and Target/Task Performance Summaries after build-perf-baseline establishes measurements. USE FOR: unknown build slowness, RAR >5s, analyzers >30% of Csc, one target >50% of build time, node utilization <80%, excessive Copy tasks, finding restore overhead. DO NOT USE FOR: known repeated-restore fixes (use eliminate-redundant-restores), initial baselines (use build-perf-baseline), incremental rebuilds (use incremental-build), parallelism tuning (use build-parallelism), non-MSBuild builds.

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Diagnoses .NET Framework CLR activation issues using CLR activation logs (CLRLoad logs) produced by mscoree.dll. Use when: the shim picks the wrong runtime, fails to load any runtime, shows unexpected .NET 3.5 Feature-on-Demand (FOD) dialogs, unexpectedly does NOT show FOD dialogs, loads both v2 and v4 into the same process causing failures, or any time someone is wondering "what is happening with .NET Framework activation?"

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Guidance for .NET MAUI XAML and C# data bindings — compiled bindings, INotifyPropertyChanged / ObservableObject, value converters, binding modes, multi-binding, relative bindings, fallbacks, and MVVM best practices. USE FOR: setting up compiled bindings with x:DataType, implementing INotifyPropertyChanged or CommunityToolkit ObservableObject, creating IValueConverter / IMultiValueConverter, choosing binding modes, configuring BindingContext, relative bindings, binding fallbacks, StringFormat, code-behind SetBinding with lambdas, and enforcing XC0022/XC0025 warnings. DO NOT USE FOR: CollectionView item templates and layouts (use maui-collectionview), Shell navigation data passing (use maui-shell-navigation), dependency injection (use maui-dependency-injection), or animations triggered by property changes (use .NET MAUI animation APIs).

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Own concrete MSBuild ItemGroup and item-expression questions. USE FOR: Include, Remove, Update, item identity and metadata, transforms, filtering, batching, duplicate or overlapping items, and reviews that verify whether those operations are correct. Generated items stay in scope when the central defect is item identity, metadata, batching, duplicate declarations, or glob/Remove/Update semantics. For a generated artifact missing from compilation or output, wrong target timing/path, or FileWrites clean tracking without a broader item-semantics defect, use including-generated-files. The item operation may be broken, suspected, or already correct. Exclude property-only issues, general incrementality with no item question, broad reviews with no concrete item concern, and non-MSBuild systems.

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Guides technology selection and implementation of AI and ML features in .NET 8+ applications using ML.NET, Microsoft.Extensions.AI (MEAI), Microsoft Agent Framework (MAF), GitHub Copilot SDK, ONNX Runtime, and OllamaSharp. Covers the full spectrum from classic ML through modern LLM orchestration to local inference. Use when adding classification, regression, clustering, anomaly detection, recommendation, LLM integration (text generation, summarization, reasoning), RAG pipelines with vector search, agentic workflows with tool calling, Copilot extensions, or custom model inference via ONNX Runtime to a .NET project. DO NOT USE FOR projects targeting .NET Framework (requires .NET 8+), the task is pure data engineering or ETL with no ML/AI component, or the project needs a custom deep learning training loop (use Python with PyTorch/TensorFlow, then export to ONNX for .NET inference).

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Share state between components that don't have a direct parent-child parameter relationship, using cascading values, scoped services with change events, or CascadingValueSource via DI. USE WHEN the user needs a CascadingParameter or CascadingValue that works across render mode boundaries, a shopping cart or notification count accessible from multiple pages, a theme or user preference cascaded app-wide, or when components in different parts of the tree must react when shared data changes. Also USE WHEN cascading values aren't reaching interactive children in per-page interactivity mode, or when the user needs to understand scoped vs singleton service lifetime for state on Blazor Server. DO NOT USE for direct parent-child parameter passing or EventCallback (see author-component), for persisting state across prerender-to-interactive transitions (see support-prerendering), or for service abstractions for data fetching in Auto/WebAssembly (see fetch-and-send-data).

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Analyze MSBuild binary logs to diagnose build failures. USE FOR: build errors that are unclear from console output, diagnosing cascading failures across multi-project builds, tracing MSBuild target execution order, and generally any MSBuild build issues. Requires an existing .binlog file. DO NOT USE FOR: generating binlogs (use binlog-generation), non-MSBuild build systems.

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USE ONLY for (1) two or more projects with repeated MSBuild policy, targets, or package versions, or (2) an existing Directory.Build.props/targets/rsp hierarchy with an import, placement, or layering defect. A one-project repo without an existing Directory.Build file is outside scope; do not load this skill. Covers centralizing shared policy and targets, Directory.Packages.props across projects, parent hierarchy/import structure, props-versus-targets placement, and folder/project exceptions. An existing hierarchy defect remains in scope when only one project is affected. For property value or condition semantics use property-patterns. Exclude legacy-to-SDK migration and non-MSBuild systems.

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Run file-based C# apps with the .NET CLI when the user explicitly wants C#/.NET code without creating a project. Use for C# language/API experiments, one-file C# apps, small multi-file C# apps composed with `#:include`/`#:exclude`, or C# file-based apps linked with `#:ref`. Do not use for language-agnostic throwaway scripts, generic computations, Python/PowerShell-style automation, full projects, or existing app integration.

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Guides creation and modification of ASP.NET Core Web API endpoints with correct HTTP semantics, OpenAPI metadata, and error handling. USE FOR: adding new API endpoints (controllers or minimal APIs), wiring up OpenAPI/Swagger, creating .http test files, setting up global error handling middleware. DO NOT USE FOR: general C# coding style, EF Core data access or query optimization (use optimizing-ef-core-queries), frontend/Blazor work, gRPC services, or SignalR hubs.

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