Expert-level dark matter physics covering observational evidence, candidate particles, detection methods, structure formation, and alternative gravity theories.
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Galaxy rotation curves: flat curves require mass beyond visible disk. Gravitational lensing: mass inferred from light bending exceeds visible mass. Bullet Cluster: separation of X-ray gas from lensing mass in cluster collision. CMB: acoustic peaks encode dark matter to baryon ratio. Structure formation: CDM model successfully predicts large-scale structure.
WIMPs: 10 GeV to 10 TeV mass, weak interaction cross section, thermal relic. Axions: ultralight, motivated by strong CP problem, cavity experiments. Sterile neutrinos: right-handed neutrinos mixing with active neutrinos. Primordial black holes: formed in early universe, constrained but not ruled out. FIMPs: feebly interacting massive particles, freeze-in production mechanism.
Direct detection: nuclear recoil in underground detectors, LUX, XENONnT, PandaX. Indirect detection: annihilation or decay products, gamma rays, neutrinos, positrons. Collider production: missing energy signatures at LHC, monojet events. Astronomical: perturbations to stellar streams, substructure in galaxy halos.
MOND: modified Newtonian dynamics, acceleration-dependent force law. MOND success: fits galaxy rotation curves with one free parameter. MOND failure: galaxy clusters require additional dark matter even with MOND. TeVeS: relativistic MOND extension, difficulties with CMB and gravitational waves.
| Pitfall | Fix |
|---|---|
| WIMP-centric view | Many viable candidates exist at different mass scales |
| Ignoring local density uncertainty | Direct detection rates depend on local DM density |
| Dismissing MOND entirely | Explains individual galaxies well, fails at cluster scale |
| Confusing exclusion limits with detection | Null result sets upper limit only |
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Expert-level abstract algebra knowledge. Use when working with groups, rings, fields, modules, Galois theory, representation theory, or algebraic structures. Also use when the user mentions 'group', 'ring', 'field', 'homomorphism', 'isomorphism', 'normal subgroup', 'quotient group', 'Sylow theorem', 'Galois theory', 'polynomial ring', 'ideal', 'module', 'vector space', or 'representation theory'.
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Expert-level acoustics knowledge. Use when working with sound waves, acoustic propagation, resonance, standing waves, Doppler effect, room acoustics, ultrasound, noise control, musical acoustics, or architectural acoustics. Also use when the user mentions 'sound wave', 'decibel', 'frequency', 'resonance', 'standing wave', 'Doppler effect', 'acoustic impedance', 'reverberation', 'ultrasound', 'noise control', 'harmonics', or 'sound intensity'.
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Expert-level aerodynamics covering subsonic and supersonic flow, lift and drag, airfoil theory, boundary layers, compressible flow, and CFD methods.
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Expert-level air quality engineering covering pollutant sources, atmospheric dispersion, air quality standards, emission controls, and air quality modeling.
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Expert-level aircraft structures covering structural design philosophy, wing and fuselage analysis, fatigue and damage tolerance, composite structures, and certification.
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Expert-level algorithms and complexity theory covering sorting, searching, graph algorithms, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, NP-completeness, and algorithm design paradigms.
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