Expert-level seismology covering earthquake seismology, seismic wave propagation, seismometer instrumentation, earthquake source parameters, seismic hazard, and induced seismicity.
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P-waves: compressional, fastest, travel through solids and liquids. S-waves: shear, slower, only through solids, larger amplitude. Surface waves: Rayleigh and Love, largest amplitude, most destructive. Wave speeds: Vp = sqrt of (K + 4/3 G) over rho, Vs = sqrt of G over rho.
Fault types: normal, reverse, strike-slip — defined by focal mechanism. Focal mechanism: beach ball diagram showing fault plane and slip direction. Moment magnitude: Mw = 2/3 log10(M0) - 6.05, M0 = seismic moment. Stress drop: difference between initial and final stress on fault — 1-10 MPa typical. Gutenberg-Richter: log10(N) = a - bM, b ~ 1 globally.
PSHA: probabilistic seismic hazard analysis — combines recurrence and attenuation. Ground motion prediction: attenuation relations, site amplification. Return period: 475 years for 10% in 50 years (standard engineering design). Site effects: soft sediments amplify shaking, liquefaction in saturated sands.
Broadband: IRIS/FDSN global network, flat response 0.001-10 Hz. Strong motion: accelerometers for near-field recording, not clipped by large events. Dense arrays: local monitoring, induced seismicity, volcanic tremor. DAS: distributed acoustic sensing, fiber-optic cables as seismic arrays.
| Pitfall | Fix |
|---|---|
| Confusing magnitude scales | Mw is preferred, others saturate for large events |
| Ignoring site amplification | Always apply site correction in hazard analysis |
| Mislabeling focal mechanism planes | Need independent data to identify fault plane |
| Forgetting time zone in phase picking | Always use UTC for seismic data |
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Expert-level abstract algebra knowledge. Use when working with groups, rings, fields, modules, Galois theory, representation theory, or algebraic structures. Also use when the user mentions 'group', 'ring', 'field', 'homomorphism', 'isomorphism', 'normal subgroup', 'quotient group', 'Sylow theorem', 'Galois theory', 'polynomial ring', 'ideal', 'module', 'vector space', or 'representation theory'.
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Expert-level acoustics knowledge. Use when working with sound waves, acoustic propagation, resonance, standing waves, Doppler effect, room acoustics, ultrasound, noise control, musical acoustics, or architectural acoustics. Also use when the user mentions 'sound wave', 'decibel', 'frequency', 'resonance', 'standing wave', 'Doppler effect', 'acoustic impedance', 'reverberation', 'ultrasound', 'noise control', 'harmonics', or 'sound intensity'.
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Expert-level aerodynamics covering subsonic and supersonic flow, lift and drag, airfoil theory, boundary layers, compressible flow, and CFD methods.
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Expert-level air quality engineering covering pollutant sources, atmospheric dispersion, air quality standards, emission controls, and air quality modeling.
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Expert-level aircraft structures covering structural design philosophy, wing and fuselage analysis, fatigue and damage tolerance, composite structures, and certification.
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Expert-level algorithms and complexity theory covering sorting, searching, graph algorithms, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, NP-completeness, and algorithm design paradigms.
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