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detecting-dcsync-attack-in-active-directory

Investigate DCSync attacks, which abuse Active Directory replication to steal password hashes. Use audit events and network traffic to identify suspicious replication requests, examine their sources, and check for subsequent credential misuse.

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Detect DCSync attacks (MITRE T1003.006) where adversaries abuse Active Directory replication privileges to extract password hashes, by auditing Event ID 4662 for the DS-Replication-Get-Changes GUIDs and flagging non-domain-controller accounts issuing DsGetNCChanges RPC calls. Use when hunting for credential theft via Mimikatz lsadump::dcsync or Impacket secretsdump, investigating lateral movement with domain admin credentials, or auditing AD replication permissions.

集成工具Azure
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适用场景

  • Hunting for credential theft in Active Directory
  • Investigating suspected Mimikatz or Impacket use
  • Auditing accounts with directory replication permissions
  • Tracing credential misuse after suspicious replication

包含的文件(8)

  • SKILL.md6.6 KB
  • assets/template.md1.6 KB
  • LICENSE11.0 KB
  • references/api-reference.md2.0 KB
  • references/standards.md2.3 KB
  • references/workflows.md3.0 KB
  • scripts/agent.py6.1 KB
  • scripts/process.py5.8 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

安装前可以查看交给 AI 代理的指令内容。

Detecting DCSync Attack in Active Directory

When to Use

  • When hunting for credential theft in Active Directory environments
  • After compromise of accounts with Replicating Directory Changes permissions
  • When investigating suspected use of Mimikatz or Impacket secretsdump
  • During incident response involving lateral movement with domain admin credentials
  • When auditing AD replication permissions as part of security hardening

Prerequisites

  • Windows Security Event Logs with Event ID 4662 (Object Access) enabled
  • Advanced Audit Policy: Audit Directory Service Access enabled
  • Domain Controller event forwarding to SIEM
  • Knowledge of legitimate domain controller hostnames and IPs
  • Directory Service Access auditing with SACL on domain object

Workflow

  1. Identify Legitimate Replication Sources: Document all domain controllers in the environment by hostname, IP, and computer account. Only these should perform directory replication.
  2. Enable Required Auditing: Configure Advanced Audit Policy to capture Event ID 4662 on domain controllers with specific GUID monitoring for replication rights.
  3. Monitor Replication Rights Access: Track access to three critical GUIDs -- DS-Replication-Get-Changes (1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2), DS-Replication-Get-Changes-All (1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2), and DS-Replication-Get-Changes-In-Filtered-Set (89e95b76-444d-4c62-991a-0facbeda640c).
  4. Detect Non-DC Replication Requests: Alert when any account NOT associated with a domain controller requests replication rights.
  5. Correlate with Network Traffic: DCSync generates replication traffic (MS-DRSR/RPC) from the attacker's machine to the DC. Monitor for DrsGetNCChanges RPC calls from non-DC IP addresses.
  6. Investigate Source Context: Examine the process, user account, and machine originating the replication request.
  7. Check for Credential Abuse: After DCSync detection, audit for subsequent use of extracted hashes (pass-the-hash, golden ticket creation).

Key Concepts

ConceptDescription
T1003.006OS Credential Dumping: DCSync
DCSyncMimicking domain controller replication to extract credentials
DsGetNCChangesRPC function used to request AD replication data
DS-Replication-Get-ChangesAD permission required (GUID: 1131f6aa-...)
DS-Replication-Get-Changes-AllPermission including confidential attributes (GUID: 1131f6ad-...)
MS-DRSRMicrosoft Directory Replication Service Remote Protocol
KRBTGT HashKey target of DCSync enabling Golden Ticket attacks
Event ID 4662Directory service object access audit event

Tools & Systems

ToolPurpose
Mimikatz (lsadump::dcsync)Primary DCSync attack tool
Impacket secretsdump.pyPython-based DCSync implementation
DSInternalsPowerShell module for AD replication
BloodHoundMap accounts with replication rights
Splunk / ElasticSIEM correlation of 4662 events
Microsoft Defender for IdentityNative DCSync detection
CrowdStrike FalconEDR-based DCSync detection

Detection Queries

Splunk -- DCSync Detection via Event 4662

index=wineventlog EventCode=4662
| where Properties IN ("*1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2*",
    "*1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2*",
    "*89e95b76-444d-4c62-991a-0facbeda640c*")
| where NOT match(SubjectUserName, ".*\\$$")
| where NOT SubjectUserName IN ("known_svc_account1", "known_svc_account2")
| stats count values(Properties) as ReplicationRights by SubjectUserName SubjectDomainName Computer
| where count > 0
| table SubjectUserName SubjectDomainName Computer count ReplicationRights

KQL -- Microsoft Sentinel DCSync Detection

SecurityEvent
| where EventID == 4662
| where Properties has "1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2"
    or Properties has "1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2"
| where SubjectUserName !endswith "$"
| where SubjectUserName !in ("AzureADConnect", "MSOL_*")
| project TimeGenerated, SubjectUserName, SubjectDomainName, Computer, Properties
| sort by TimeGenerated desc

Sigma Rule -- DCSync Activity

title: DCSync Activity Detected - Non-DC Replication Request
status: stable
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: security
detection:
    selection:
        EventID: 4662
        Properties|contains:
            - '1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2'
            - '1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2'
    filter_dc:
        SubjectUserName|endswith: '$'
    condition: selection and not filter_dc
level: critical
tags:
    - attack.credential_access
    - attack.t1003.006

Common Scenarios

  1. Mimikatz DCSync: Attacker with Domain Admin privileges runs lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt to extract KRBTGT hash for Golden Ticket creation.
  2. Impacket secretsdump: Remote DCSync via secretsdump.py domain/user:password@dc-ip extracting all domain hashes.
  3. Delegated Replication Rights: Attacker grants themselves Replicating Directory Changes rights via ACL modification before performing DCSync.
  4. Azure AD Connect Abuse: Compromising the Azure AD Connect service account which has legitimate replication rights.
  5. DSInternals PowerShell: Using Get-ADReplAccount cmdlet to replicate specific account credentials.

Output Format

Hunt ID: TH-DCSYNC-[DATE]-[SEQ]
Alert Severity: Critical
Source Account: [Account requesting replication]
Source Machine: [Hostname/IP of requestor]
Target DC: [Domain controller receiving request]
Replication Rights: [GUIDs accessed]
Timestamp: [Event time]
Legitimate DC: [Yes/No]
Known Service Account: [Yes/No]
Risk Assessment: [Critical - non-DC replication detected]

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