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grafana-dashboards

Build Grafana dashboards that show application and infrastructure health through request rates, errors, response times, and resource usage. Organize metrics into useful panels, add filters and alerts, and manage dashboard definitions as code.

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Create and manage production Grafana dashboards for real-time visualization of system and application metrics. Use when building monitoring dashboards, visualizing metrics, or creating operational observability interfaces.

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适用场景

  • Build an API health dashboard
  • Visualize CPU and memory usage
  • Track service level objectives and business KPIs
  • Manage dashboard deployment through code

包含的文件(1)

  • SKILL.md7.8 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

安装前可以查看交给 AI 代理的指令内容。

Grafana Dashboards

Create and manage production-ready Grafana dashboards for comprehensive system observability.

Purpose

Design effective Grafana dashboards for monitoring applications, infrastructure, and business metrics.

When to Use

  • Visualize Prometheus metrics
  • Create custom dashboards
  • Implement SLO dashboards
  • Monitor infrastructure
  • Track business KPIs

Dashboard Design Principles

1. Hierarchy of Information

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Critical Metrics (Big Numbers)     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Key Trends (Time Series)           │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Detailed Metrics (Tables/Heatmaps) │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

2. RED Method (Services)

  • Rate - Requests per second
  • Errors - Error rate
  • Duration - Latency/response time

3. USE Method (Resources)

  • Utilization - % time resource is busy
  • Saturation - Queue length/wait time
  • Errors - Error count

Dashboard Structure

API Monitoring Dashboard

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "API Monitoring",
    "tags": ["api", "production"],
    "timezone": "browser",
    "refresh": "30s",
    "panels": [
      {
        "title": "Request Rate",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) by (service)",
            "legendFormat": "{{service}}"
          }
        ],
        "gridPos": { "x": 0, "y": 0, "w": 12, "h": 8 }
      },
      {
        "title": "Error Rate %",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "(sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~\"5..\"}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))) * 100",
            "legendFormat": "Error Rate"
          }
        ],
        "alert": {
          "conditions": [
            {
              "evaluator": { "params": [5], "type": "gt" },
              "operator": { "type": "and" },
              "query": { "params": ["A", "5m", "now"] },
              "type": "query"
            }
          ]
        },
        "gridPos": { "x": 12, "y": 0, "w": 12, "h": 8 }
      },
      {
        "title": "P95 Latency",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le, service))",
            "legendFormat": "{{service}}"
          }
        ],
        "gridPos": { "x": 0, "y": 8, "w": 24, "h": 8 }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Panel Types

1. Stat Panel (Single Value)

{
  "type": "stat",
  "title": "Total Requests",
  "targets": [
    {
      "expr": "sum(http_requests_total)"
    }
  ],
  "options": {
    "reduceOptions": {
      "values": false,
      "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
    },
    "orientation": "auto",
    "textMode": "auto",
    "colorMode": "value"
  },
  "fieldConfig": {
    "defaults": {
      "thresholds": {
        "mode": "absolute",
        "steps": [
          { "value": 0, "color": "green" },
          { "value": 80, "color": "yellow" },
          { "value": 90, "color": "red" }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

2. Time Series Graph

{
  "type": "graph",
  "title": "CPU Usage",
  "targets": [
    {
      "expr": "100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) * 100)"
    }
  ],
  "yaxes": [
    { "format": "percent", "max": 100, "min": 0 },
    { "format": "short" }
  ]
}

3. Table Panel

{
  "type": "table",
  "title": "Service Status",
  "targets": [
    {
      "expr": "up",
      "format": "table",
      "instant": true
    }
  ],
  "transformations": [
    {
      "id": "organize",
      "options": {
        "excludeByName": { "Time": true },
        "indexByName": {},
        "renameByName": {
          "instance": "Instance",
          "job": "Service",
          "Value": "Status"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

4. Heatmap

{
  "type": "heatmap",
  "title": "Latency Heatmap",
  "targets": [
    {
      "expr": "sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le)",
      "format": "heatmap"
    }
  ],
  "dataFormat": "tsbuckets",
  "yAxis": {
    "format": "s"
  }
}

Variables

Query Variables

{
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "name": "namespace",
        "type": "query",
        "datasource": "Prometheus",
        "query": "label_values(kube_pod_info, namespace)",
        "refresh": 1,
        "multi": false
      },
      {
        "name": "service",
        "type": "query",
        "datasource": "Prometheus",
        "query": "label_values(kube_service_info{namespace=\"$namespace\"}, service)",
        "refresh": 1,
        "multi": true
      }
    ]
  }
}

Use Variables in Queries

sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace="$namespace", service=~"$service"}[5m]))

Alerts in Dashboards

{
  "alert": {
    "name": "High Error Rate",
    "conditions": [
      {
        "evaluator": {
          "params": [5],
          "type": "gt"
        },
        "operator": { "type": "and" },
        "query": {
          "params": ["A", "5m", "now"]
        },
        "reducer": { "type": "avg" },
        "type": "query"
      }
    ],
    "executionErrorState": "alerting",
    "for": "5m",
    "frequency": "1m",
    "message": "Error rate is above 5%",
    "noDataState": "no_data",
    "notifications": [{ "uid": "slack-channel" }]
  }
}

Dashboard Provisioning

dashboards.yml:

apiVersion: 1

providers:
  - name: "default"
    orgId: 1
    folder: "General"
    type: file
    disableDeletion: false
    updateIntervalSeconds: 10
    allowUiUpdates: true
    options:
      path: /etc/grafana/dashboards

Common Dashboard Patterns

Infrastructure Dashboard

Key Panels:

  • CPU utilization per node
  • Memory usage per node
  • Disk I/O
  • Network traffic
  • Pod count by namespace
  • Node status

Database Dashboard

Key Panels:

  • Queries per second
  • Connection pool usage
  • Query latency (P50, P95, P99)
  • Active connections
  • Database size
  • Replication lag
  • Slow queries

Application Dashboard

Key Panels:

  • Request rate
  • Error rate
  • Response time (percentiles)
  • Active users/sessions
  • Cache hit rate
  • Queue length

Best Practices

  1. Start with templates (Grafana community dashboards)
  2. Use consistent naming for panels and variables
  3. Group related metrics in rows
  4. Set appropriate time ranges (default: Last 6 hours)
  5. Use variables for flexibility
  6. Add panel descriptions for context
  7. Configure units correctly
  8. Set meaningful thresholds for colors
  9. Use consistent colors across dashboards
  10. Test with different time ranges

Dashboard as Code

Terraform Provisioning

resource "grafana_dashboard" "api_monitoring" {
  config_json = file("${path.module}/dashboards/api-monitoring.json")
  folder      = grafana_folder.monitoring.id
}

resource "grafana_folder" "monitoring" {
  title = "Production Monitoring"
}

Ansible Provisioning

- name: Deploy Grafana dashboards
  copy:
    src: "{{ item }}"
    dest: /etc/grafana/dashboards/
  with_fileglob:
    - "dashboards/*.json"
  notify: restart grafana

Related Skills

  • prometheus-configuration - For metric collection
  • slo-implementation - For SLO dashboards

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